Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Environ Res. 2021 Jul;198:111212. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111212. Epub 2021 May 3.
Personal care products (PCPs) are important and modifiable sources of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Research is limited on how EDC-associated PCP use differs by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES), particularly during the sensitive period of pregnancy. We investigated differences in PCP use by race/ethnicity and SES among 497 participants in the LIFECODES pregnancy cohort (Boston, Massachusetts). Participants self-reported race/ethnicity, SES indicators (maternal education; insurance status), and recent PCP use via questionnaire at ≤4 prenatal visits. We evaluated trimester-specific differences in use of individual PCP categories by race/ethnicity and SES indicators. We used Poisson regression to estimate trimester-specific mean total product categories used by race/ethnicity and SES indicators. In the first trimester, compared to non-Hispanic White women, Hispanic women reported higher use of hair gel (45% vs. 28%), perfume (75% vs. 39%), and "other" hair products (37% vs. 19%). Compared to women with a college degree, women without a college degree reported higher use of perfume (79% vs. 41%) and bar soap (74% vs. 56%); patterns were similar for insurance status. The estimated mean total product categories used was significantly lower in Asian compared to non-Hispanic White women in all trimesters (e.g., Trimester 1: 4.8 vs. 6.7 categories; p<0.001). Patterns of PCP use differed by race/ethnicity and SES, with implications for potentially modifiable differential EDC exposure and associated pregnancy outcomes.
个人护理产品（PCPs）是接触内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）的重要且可改变的来源。有关种族/族裔和社会经济地位（SES）如何影响与 EDC 相关的 PCP 使用的研究有限，特别是在怀孕期间这个敏感时期。我们调查了 LIFECODES 妊娠队列（马萨诸塞州波士顿）的 497 名参与者中 PCP 使用的种族/族裔和 SES 差异。参与者通过问卷在≤4 次产前就诊时自我报告种族/族裔、SES 指标（母亲教育程度；保险状况）和最近的 PCP 使用情况。我们评估了种族/族裔和 SES 指标在个体 PCP 类别的使用方面的特定妊娠阶段差异。我们使用泊松回归来估计按种族/族裔和 SES 指标划分的特定妊娠阶段的 PCP 总类别使用情况。在第一个妊娠阶段，与非西班牙裔白人女性相比，西班牙裔女性报告使用发胶（45%比 28%）、香水（75%比 39%）和“其他”头发产品（37%比 19%）的频率更高。与具有大学学历的女性相比，没有大学学历的女性报告使用香水（79%比 41%）和块状肥皂（74%比 56%）的频率更高；保险状况也存在类似的模式。在所有妊娠阶段，亚洲女性的估计总 PCP 类别使用量明显低于非西班牙裔白人女性（例如，妊娠第一阶段：4.8 比 6.7 个类别；p<0.001）。PCP 使用模式因种族/族裔和 SES 而异，这可能对潜在可改变的 EDC 暴露和相关妊娠结局产生影响。
