Sutormin D A, Galivondzhyan A K, Polkhovskiy A V, Kamalyan S O, Severinov K V, Dubiley S A
Institute of Gene Biology RAS, Moscow, 119334 Russia.
Centre for Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205 Russia.
Acta Naturae. 2021 Jan-Mar;13(1):59-75. doi: 10.32607/actanaturae.11058.
The DNA double helix provides a simple and elegant way to store and copy genetic information. However, the processes requiring the DNA helix strands separation, such as transcription and replication, induce a topological side-effect - supercoiling of the molecule. Topoisomerases comprise a specific group of enzymes that disentangle the topological challenges associated with DNA supercoiling. They relax DNA supercoils and resolve catenanes and knots. Here, we review the catalytic cycles, evolution, diversity, and functional roles of type II topoisomerases in organisms from all domains of life, as well as viruses and other mobile genetic elements.
DNA双螺旋为存储和复制遗传信息提供了一种简单而优雅的方式。然而，诸如转录和复制等需要DNA螺旋链分离的过程会引发一种拓扑学副作用——分子的超螺旋化。拓扑异构酶是一组特殊的酶，可解决与DNA超螺旋相关的拓扑学难题。它们能使DNA超螺旋松弛，并解开连环体和纽结。在此，我们综述了来自生命所有领域的生物以及病毒和其他可移动遗传元件中II型拓扑异构酶的催化循环、进化、多样性和功能作用。
