Dr Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021 Sep;35(9):1765-1776. doi: 10.1111/jdv.17334. Epub 2021 May 29.
Frequently described as 'the worst itch' one can ever experience scabies itch is the hallmark of Sarcoptes scabiei mite infestation. Notably, the itchiness often persists for weeks despite scabicides therapy. The mechanism of scabies itch is not yet fully understood, and effective treatment modalities are still missing which can severely affect the quality of life. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the scope of itch in scabies and highlight candidate mechanisms underlying this itch. We herein discuss scabies itch, with a focus on the nature, candidate underlying mechanisms and treatment options. We also synthesize this information with current understanding of the mechanisms contributing to non-histaminergic itch in other conditions. Itch is a major problem in scabies and can lead to grave consequences. We provide the latest insights on host-mite interaction, secondary microbial infection and neural sensitization with special emphasis on keratinocytes and mast cells to better understand the mechanism of itch in scabies. Also, the most relevant current modalities remaining under investigation that possess promising perspectives for scabies itch (i.e. protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) inhibitor, Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) antagonist) are discussed. Greater understanding of these diverse mechanisms may provide a rational basis for the development of improved and targeted approaches to control itch in individuals with scabies.
经常被描述为“最严重的瘙痒”,疥疮瘙痒是疥螨感染的标志。值得注意的是,尽管使用了杀疥药物治疗,但瘙痒通常会持续数周。疥疮瘙痒的机制尚未完全了解,仍然缺乏有效的治疗方法,这会严重影响生活质量。本文综述的目的是概述疥疮瘙痒的范围,并强调潜在的瘙痒机制。我们在此讨论疥疮瘙痒,重点关注其性质、潜在的潜在机制和治疗选择。我们还将这些信息与其他疾病中非组胺性瘙痒的机制进行了综合。瘙痒是疥疮的一个主要问题,可能导致严重后果。我们提供了有关宿主-螨虫相互作用、继发微生物感染和神经致敏的最新见解,特别强调角蛋白细胞和肥大细胞,以更好地了解疥疮瘙痒的机制。此外,还讨论了目前仍在研究中最相关的治疗方法,这些方法具有控制疥疮瘙痒的广阔前景(即蛋白酶激活受体 2 (PAR-2) 抑制剂、与 Mas 相关的 G 蛋白偶联受体 X2 (MRGPRX2) 拮抗剂)。对这些不同机制的深入了解可能为开发针对控制疥疮瘙痒的改善和靶向方法提供合理的依据。
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021-9
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