Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2021 Jun;235:113755. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113755. Epub 2021 May 5.
Prenatal exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides has been associated with impaired neurodevelopment. Few longitudinal studies have investigated associations with early language development in populations with mainly low dietary exposure.
To investigate associations between biomarkers of maternal gestational exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides and the child's language development at age 20-36 months in the prospective Odense Child Cohort.
Metabolites of organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides were measured in maternal urine samples collected at gestational week 28. Language development was assessed among 755 singletons at age 20-36 months using the Vocabulary and Complexity scores of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories, standardized into age and sex specific percentile scores according to a Danish reference study. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of scoring below the 15th percentile scores in relation to maternal urinary insecticide metabolite concentrations after adjustment for confounders.
The generic pyrethroid metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and the chlorpyrifos metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY) were detectable in more than 90% of the urine samples analyzed. Likewise, 82.2% had detectable concentrations of diethyl phosphates (DE) and 58.4% of dimethyl phosphates (DM), both of which are common metabolites of organophosphate insecticides. None of the metabolites was associated with higher odds of delayed results below the 15th percentile language scores. In contrast, reduced probability for scoring below the 15th percentile Vocabulary score was seen for the highest tertile of 3-PBA in boys and for the upper tertile of TCPY and DE in girls.
In this prospective cohort, with predominantly dietary insecticide exposure, we found no evidence that gestational exposure to organophosphate or pyrethroid insecticides adversely affected early language development in the children. The observed indication of a positive effect of insecticides on language development may be explained by residual and unmeasured confounding from socioeconomic factors and dietary habits. Follow-up of these children should include assessment of more complex cognitive functions in later childhood, as well as associations with their own postnatal insecticide exposure.
产前接触有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂与神经发育受损有关。很少有纵向研究调查了主要低膳食暴露人群中与早期语言发展的关联。
在前瞻性的奥登塞儿童队列中，研究母体妊娠期接触有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的生物标志物与 20-36 个月儿童语言发展之间的关系。
在妊娠 28 周时收集母体尿液样本，检测有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的代谢物。在 755 名单胎儿童中，使用麦克阿瑟-贝茨交际发展量表的词汇和复杂性评分，在 20-36 个月时评估语言发展，根据丹麦参考研究，将评分标准化为年龄和性别特定的百分位评分。采用多因素逻辑回归模型，在校正混杂因素后，估计母体尿液中杀虫剂代谢物浓度与评分低于第 15 百分位评分的比值比。
通用拟除虫菊酯代谢物 3-苯氧基苯甲酸（3-PBA）和毒死蜱代谢物 3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶醇（TCPY）在分析的尿液样本中超过 90%可检测到。同样，82.2%可检测到二乙基磷酸酯（DE）和 58.4%的二甲基磷酸酯（DM）的浓度，这两种物质都是有机磷杀虫剂的常见代谢物。没有一种代谢物与语言得分低于第 15 百分位的更高几率相关。相反，在男孩中，3-PBA 最高三分位，在女孩中，TCPY 和 DE 在上三分位，与词汇得分低于第 15 百分位的可能性降低有关。
在本前瞻性队列中，主要是饮食性杀虫剂暴露，我们没有发现母体接触有机磷或拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂会对儿童早期语言发展产生不利影响的证据。观察到的杀虫剂对语言发展有积极影响的迹象可能是由于社会经济因素和饮食习惯的残余和未测量的混杂因素造成的。对这些儿童的随访应包括在以后的童年时期评估更复杂的认知功能，以及与他们自己的出生后杀虫剂暴露的关联。
