Viel Jean-François, Rouget Florence, Warembourg Charline, Monfort Christine, Limon Gwendolina, Cordier Sylvaine, Chevrier Cécile
INSERM-IRSET no. 1085, Epidemiological Research on Environment, Reproduction and Development, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University Hospital, Rennes, France.
Occup Environ Med. 2017 Mar;74(4):275-281. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2016-104035. Epub 2017 Mar 1.
The potential impact of environmental exposure to pyrethroid insecticides on child neurodevelopment has only just started to receive attention despite their widespread use. We investigated the associations between prenatal and childhood exposure to pyrethroid insecticides and behavioural skills in 6-year-olds.
The PELAGIE cohort enrolled 3421 pregnant women from Brittany, France between 2002 and 2006. 428 mothers were randomly selected for the study when their children turned 6, and 287 (67%) agreed to participate. Children's behaviour was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Three subscales (prosocial behaviour, internalising disorders and externalising disorders) were considered. Five pyrethroid metabolites were measured in maternal and child urine samples collected between 6 and 19 gestational weeks and at 6 years of age, respectively. Logistic regression and reverse-scale Cox regression models were used to estimate the associations between SDQ scores and urinary pyrethroid metabolite concentrations, adjusting for organophosphate metabolite concentrations and potential confounders.
Increased prenatal -3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (DCCA) concentrations were associated with internalising difficulties (Cox p value=0.05). For childhood 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBA) concentrations, a positive association was observed with externalising difficulties (Cox p value=0.04) and high ORs were found for abnormal or borderline social behaviour (OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.27 to 6.78, and OR 1.91, 95% CI 0.80 to 4.57, for the intermediate and highest metabolite categories, respectively). High childhood -DCCA concentrations were associated with reduced externalising disorders (Cox p value=0.03).
The present study suggests that exposure to certain pyrethroids, at environmental levels, may negatively affect neurobehavioral development by 6 years of age.
尽管拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂被广泛使用，但环境暴露对儿童神经发育的潜在影响才刚刚开始受到关注。我们调查了产前和儿童期暴露于拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂与6岁儿童行为技能之间的关联。
PELAGIE队列在2002年至2006年间招募了来自法国布列塔尼的3421名孕妇。当她们的孩子6岁时，随机选择428名母亲参与研究，其中287名（67%）同意参与。使用长处和困难问卷（SDQ）评估儿童行为。考虑了三个子量表（亲社会行为、内化障碍和外化障碍）。分别在孕6至19周和6岁时收集的母婴尿液样本中测量了五种拟除虫菊酯代谢物。使用逻辑回归和反向尺度Cox回归模型来估计SDQ评分与尿拟除虫菊酯代谢物浓度之间的关联，并对有机磷酸酯代谢物浓度和潜在混杂因素进行了调整。
产前-3-（2,2-二氯乙烯基）-2,2-二甲基环丙烷羧酸（DCCA）浓度升高与内化困难相关（Cox p值=0.05）。对于儿童期3-苯氧基苯甲酸（PBA）浓度，观察到与外化困难呈正相关（Cox p值=0.04），并且在异常或临界社会行为方面发现了高比值比（分别为中间和最高代谢物类别，比值比为2.93，95%置信区间为1.27至6.78，以及比值比为1.91，95%置信区间为0.80至4.57）。儿童期高-DCCA浓度与外化障碍减少相关（Cox p值=0.03）。
本研究表明，在环境水平下暴露于某些拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂可能在6岁时对神经行为发育产生负面影响。
