Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Postal Code 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rua Domingos da Costa Lopes 780, Postal Code 17602-496, Tupã, SP, Brazil.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2021 Jul;164:27-43. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.026. Epub 2021 Apr 29.
Agronomic biofortification of crops with selenium (Se) is an important strategy to minimize hidden hunger and increase nutrient intake in poor populations. Selenium is an element that has several physiological and biochemical characteristics, such as the mitigation of different types of abiotic stress. Selenoproteins act as powerful antioxidants in plant metabolism through the glutathione peroxidase (GSH) pathway, and provide an increased activity for enzymatic (SOD, CAT, and APX) and non-enzymatic (ascorbic acid, flavonoids, and tocopherols) compounds that act in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system and cell detoxification. Selenium helps to inhibit the damage caused by climate changes such as drought, salinity, heavy metals, and extreme temperature. Also, Se regulates antenna complex of photosynthesis, protecting chlorophylls by raising photosynthetic pigments. However, Se concentrations in soils vary widely in the earth's crust. Soil Se availability regulates the uptake, transport, accumulation, and speciation in plants. Foliar Se application at the concentration 50 g ha applied as sodium selenate increases the antioxidant, photosynthetic metabolism, and yield of several crops. Foliar Se application is a strategy to minimize soil adsorption and root accumulation. However, the limit between the beneficial and toxic effects of Se requires research to establish an optimal dose for each plant species under different edaphoclimatic conditions. In this review, we present the compilation of several studies on agronomic biofortification of plants with Se to ensure food production and food security to mitigate hidden hunger and improve the health of the population.
作物的农艺生物强化富硒是减少隐性饥饿和增加贫困人口营养摄入的重要策略。硒是一种具有多种生理生化特性的元素，如减轻各种非生物胁迫。通过谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH）途径，硒蛋白作为植物代谢中的强大抗氧化剂，为酶（SOD、CAT 和 APX）和非酶（抗坏血酸、类黄酮和生育酚）化合物提供了更高的活性，这些化合物在活性氧（ROS）清除系统和细胞解毒中起作用。硒有助于抑制干旱、盐度、重金属和极端温度等气候变化造成的损害。此外，Se 调节光合作用的天线复合物，通过提高光合色素来保护叶绿素。然而，地壳中土壤中的硒浓度差异很大。土壤中硒的有效性调节植物对硒的吸收、运输、积累和形态。以 50 g ha 的浓度叶面喷施亚硒酸钠可增加几种作物的抗氧化剂、光合作用代谢和产量。叶面喷施 Se 是一种减少土壤吸附和根系积累的策略。然而，Se 的有益和毒性效应之间的界限需要研究来确定在不同土壤气候条件下每种植物物种的最佳剂量。在这篇综述中，我们汇集了一些关于用 Se 进行农艺生物强化富硒植物的研究，以确保粮食生产和粮食安全，减少隐性饥饿，改善人口健康。
