Raina Meenakshi, Sharma Akanksha, Nazir Muslima, Kumari Punam, Rustagi Anjana, Hami Ammarah, Bhau Brijmohan Singh, Zargar Sajad Majeed, Kumar Deepak
Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Center of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
Physiol Plant. 2021 Apr;171(4):882-895. doi: 10.1111/ppl.13275. Epub 2020 Nov 25.
Selenium (Se) is a vital mineral for both plants and animals. It is widely distributed on the earth's crust and is taken up by the plants as selenite or selenate. Plants substantially vary in their physiological response to Se. The amount of Se in edible plants is genetically controlled. Its availability can be determined by measuring its phytoavailability in soil. The low concentration of Se in plants can help them in combating stress, whereas higher concentrations can be detrimental to plant health and in most cases it is toxic. Thus, solving the double-edged sword problem of nutritional Se deficiency and its elevated concentrations in environment requires a better understanding of Se uptake and metabolism in plants. The studies on Se uptake and metabolism can help in genetic biofortification of Se in plants and also assist in phytoremediation. Moreover, Se uptake and transport, especially biochemical pathways of assimilation and incorporation into proteins, offers striking mechanisms of toxicity and tolerance. These developments have led to a revival of Se research in higher plants with significant break throughs being made in the previous years. This review explores the new dimensions of Se research with major emphasis on key research events related to Se undertaken in last few years. Further, we also discussed future possibilities in Se research for crop improvement.
硒（Se）对植物和动物来说都是一种至关重要的矿物质。它在地壳中广泛分布，植物以亚硒酸盐或硒酸盐的形式吸收它。植物对硒的生理反应差异很大。可食用植物中的硒含量受基因控制。其有效性可以通过测量其在土壤中的植物有效性来确定。植物中低浓度的硒有助于它们抵御压力，而较高浓度则可能对植物健康有害，在大多数情况下是有毒的。因此，解决营养性硒缺乏及其在环境中浓度升高这一双刃剑问题，需要更好地了解植物对硒的吸收和代谢。对硒吸收和代谢的研究有助于植物中硒的基因生物强化，也有助于植物修复。此外，硒的吸收和运输，尤其是同化和掺入蛋白质的生化途径，提供了显著的毒性和耐受性机制。这些进展使得高等植物中的硒研究得以复兴，在前几年取得了重大突破。本综述探讨了硒研究的新维度，主要侧重于过去几年与硒相关的关键研究事件。此外，我们还讨论了硒研究在作物改良方面的未来可能性。
