Maruha Nichiro Corporation, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Nutrition. 2021 Oct;90:111247. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111247. Epub 2021 Mar 24.
The body clock controls diurnal rhythms of nutrient digestion, absorption, and metabolism. Fish oil (FO) contains abundant ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), that are thought to lower triglyceride (TG) levels. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trial aimed to confirm the effects of the time of FO intake on TG in healthy Japanese adults.
Twenty healthy Japanese adults (age, 20-60 y) were assigned to either a group that consumed sausages enriched with FO (DHA 1010 mg; EPA 240 mg) in the morning and a placebo (DHA 40 mg; EPA 15 mg) in the evening (BF-FO) or another group that consumed FO-enriched sausages in the evening and the placebo in the morning (DN-FO). Serum lipid parameters, fatty acid (FA) composition, and messenger RNA expression of lipogenic genes in circulating blood cells were evaluated in fasting blood samples before, as well as after 4 and 8 wk of FO intake.
Serum concentrations of TG and total saturated FA were significantly decreased in the BF-FO group, whereas those of ω-3 PUFA were significantly and identically increased in both groups. Serum concentrations of ω-6 PUFA were significantly decreased in the BF-FO but not the DN-FO group. Messenger RNA expression of the lipogenic genes ACLY, SCD, and FASN were similarly reduced in both groups.
These findings suggested that the timing of FO intake affects both serum FA concentrations and TG metabolism in normolipidemic humans. The mechanisms of these effects of FO on lipid metabolism require further investigation.
生物钟控制营养物质的消化、吸收和代谢的昼夜节律。鱼油（FO）含有丰富的ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA），包括二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和二十碳五烯酸（EPA），被认为可以降低甘油三酯（TG）水平。这项随机、安慰剂对照、双盲、平行组试验旨在证实 FO 摄入时间对健康日本成年人 TG 的影响。
20 名健康的日本成年人（年龄 20-60 岁）被分配到以下两组：一组在早上食用富含 FO（DHA1010mg；EPA240mg）的香肠和晚上食用安慰剂（DHA40mg；EPA15mg）（BF-FO），另一组在晚上食用富含 FO 的香肠和早上食用安慰剂（DN-FO）。在 FO 摄入前、4 周和 8 周后，采集空腹血样，检测血清脂质参数、脂肪酸（FA）组成和循环血细胞中脂肪生成基因的信使 RNA 表达。
BF-FO 组血清 TG 和总饱和 FA 浓度显著降低，而两组血清 ω-3 PUFA 浓度均显著升高。BF-FO 组血清 ω-6 PUFA 浓度显著降低，而 DN-FO 组则没有。两组的脂肪生成基因 ACLY、SCD 和 FASN 的信使 RNA 表达均相似降低。
这些发现表明 FO 摄入时间会影响正常血脂人群的血清 FA 浓度和 TG 代谢。FO 对脂质代谢的这些影响的机制需要进一步研究。
