Childhood diaphragmatic hernias presenting after the neonatal period.

Twenty-six patients with Bochdalek hernias and 15 with Morgagni hernias were evaluated in a survey of children presenting over the age of 8 weeks during a 20 year period. Ten of the children had previously normal chest radiographs. Radiological assessment at presentation was incorrect with 15 Bochdalek and two Morgagni hernias. These errors were more common in interpretations by general radiologists. Inappropriate thoracocentesis had been performed in four cases misdiagnosed as pneumothoraces. Barium studies, fluoroscopy, erect views and plain radiographs after nasogastric intubation were helpful investigations. Post-operative evidence of lobar collapse and pulmonary hypoplasia was frequently not appreciated at the time of clinical and radiological follow-up. Other congenital anomalies were commonly seen, particularly with Morgagni hernias. Bowel malfixation and malrotation, an important association, was frequently present but was occasionally overlooked at operation, necessitating further surgery for bowel obstruction.