Xiong Lin, Li Yutao, Jung Minwoo, Forsythe Carlos, Zhang Shuai, McLeod Alexander S, Dong Yinan, Liu Song, Ruta Frank L, Li Casey, Watanabe Kenji, Taniguchi Takashi, Fogler Michael M, Edgar James H, Shvets Gennady, Dean Cory R, Basov D N
Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Sci Adv. 2021 May 7;7(19). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abe8087. Print 2021 May.
Efficient control of photons is enabled by hybridizing light with matter. The resulting light-matter quasi-particles can be readily programmed by manipulating either their photonic or matter constituents. Here, we hybridized infrared photons with graphene Dirac electrons to form surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and uncovered a previously unexplored means to control SPPs in structures with periodically modulated carrier density. In these periodic structures, common SPPs with continuous dispersion are transformed into Bloch polaritons with attendant discrete bands separated by bandgaps. We explored directional Bloch polaritons and steered their propagation by dialing the proper gate voltage. Fourier analysis of the near-field images corroborates that this on-demand nano-optics functionality is rooted in the polaritonic band structure. Our programmable polaritonic platform paves the way for the much-sought benefits of on-the-chip photonic circuits.
通过使光与物质杂交，可实现对光子的有效控制。由此产生的光与物质的准粒子可以通过操纵其光子或物质成分轻松地进行编程。在这里，我们将红外光子与石墨烯狄拉克电子杂交，形成表面等离激元极化激元（SPP），并发现了一种以前未探索过的方法，用于在具有周期性调制载流子密度的结构中控制SPP。在这些周期性结构中，具有连续色散的普通SPP被转化为具有由带隙分隔的伴随离散能带的布洛赫极化激元。我们探索了定向布洛赫极化激元，并通过调节适当的栅极电压来控制其传播。近场图像的傅里叶分析证实，这种按需纳米光学功能源于极化激元能带结构。我们的可编程极化激元平台为片上光子电路所追求的诸多益处铺平了道路。
