Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari - DISAFA, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre, 34956 Tuzla Istanbul, Turkey.
G3 (Bethesda). 2021 Jul 14;11(7). doi: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab152.
The European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.; 2n = 2x = 22) is a worldwide economically important tree nut that is cross-pollinated due to sporophytic incompatibility. Therefore, any individual plant is highly heterozygous. Cultivars are clonally propagated using mound layering, rooted suckers, and micropropagation. In recent years, the interest in this crop has increased, due to a growing demand related to the recognized health benefits of nut consumption. C. avellana cv "Tonda Gentile delle Langhe" ("TGdL") is well-known for its high kernel quality, and the premium price paid for this cultivar is an economic benefit for producers in northern Italy. Assembly of a high-quality genome is a difficult task in many plant species because of the high level of heterozygosity. We assembled a chromosome-level genome sequence of "TGdL" with a two-step approach. First, 10X Genomics Chromium Technology was used to create a high-quality sequence, which was then assembled into scaffolds with cv "Tombul" genome as the reference. Eleven pseudomolecules were obtained, corresponding to 11 chromosomes. A total of 11,046 scaffolds remained unplaced, representing 11% of the genome (46,504,161 bp). Gene prediction, performed with Maker-P software, identified 27,791 genes (AED ≤0.4 and 92% of BUSCO completeness), whose function was analyzed with BlastP and InterProScan software. To characterize "TGdL" specific genetic mechanisms, Orthofinder was used to detect orthologs between hazelnut and closely related species. The "TGdL" genome sequence is expected to be a powerful tool to understand hazelnut genetics and allow detection of markers/genes for important traits to be used in targeted breeding programs.
欧洲榛（Corylus avellana L.；2n = 2x = 22）是一种具有全球经济重要性的树坚果，由于孢子体不亲和性而进行异花授粉。因此，任何单个植物都是高度杂合的。栽培品种通过堆垄分层、生根的吸枝和微繁殖进行无性繁殖。近年来，由于坚果消费所带来的健康益处被广泛认可，人们对这种作物的兴趣有所增加。“Tonda Gentile delle Langhe”（“TGdL”）是一种广受欢迎的榛子品种，以其高坚果品质而闻名，而这种品种的高价格对意大利北部的生产者来说是一种经济利益。由于高度杂合性，许多植物物种的高质量基因组组装都是一项艰巨的任务。我们使用两步法组装了“TGdL”的染色体水平基因组序列。首先，使用 10X Genomics Chromium Technology 技术创建了一个高质量的序列，然后将其组装成以 cv “Tombul”基因组为参考的支架。获得了 11 个拟染色体，对应于 11 条染色体。总共 11046 个支架未定位，占基因组的 11%（46504161 bp）。使用 Maker-P 软件进行基因预测，共鉴定出 27791 个基因（AED ≤0.4 和 92%的 BUSCO 完整性），并用 BlastP 和 InterProScan 软件分析其功能。为了研究“TGdL”特有的遗传机制，使用 Orthofinder 检测榛子和近亲物种之间的同源基因。“TGdL”基因组序列有望成为理解榛子遗传的有力工具，并允许检测用于目标育种计划的重要性状的标记/基因。
