Koelewijn Thomas, Zekveld Adriana A, Lunner Thomas, Kramer Sophia E
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Ear & Hearing, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713GZ, the Netherlands; Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Ear & Hearing, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Hear Res. 2021 Jul;406:108255. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108255. Epub 2021 Apr 24.
Recently we showed that higher reward results in increased pupil dilation during listening (listening effort). Remarkably, this effect was not accompanied with improved speech reception. Still, increased listening effort may reflect more in-depth processing, potentially resulting in a better memory representation of speech. Here, we investigated this hypothesis by also testing the effect of monetary reward on recognition memory performance. Twenty-four young adults performed speech reception threshold (SRT) tests, either hard or easy, in which they repeated sentences uttered by a female talker masked by a male talker. We recorded the pupil dilation response during listening. Participants could earn a high or low reward and the four conditions were presented in a blocked fashion. After each SRT block, participants performed a visual sentence recognition task. In this task, the sentences that were presented in the preceding SRT task were visually presented in random order and intermixed with unfamiliar sentences. Participants had to indicate whether they had previously heard the sentence or not. The SRT and sentence recognition were affected by task difficulty but not by reward. Contrary to our previous results, peak pupil dilation did not reflect effects of reward. However, post-hoc time course analysis (GAMMs) revealed that in the hard SRT task, the pupil response was larger for high than low reward. We did not observe an effect of reward on visual sentence recognition. Hence, the current results provide no conclusive evidence that the effect of monetary reward on the pupil response relates to the memory encoding of speech.
最近我们发现,更高的奖励会导致在倾听过程中瞳孔扩张增加(倾听努力程度)。值得注意的是,这种效应并未伴随着语音接收能力的提高。尽管如此,增加的倾听努力可能反映了更深入的处理过程,这可能会使语音在记忆中的表征更好。在此,我们通过测试金钱奖励对识别记忆表现的影响来研究这一假设。24名年轻成年人进行了语音接收阈值(SRT)测试,测试难度有高有低,他们需要重复由女性说话者说出但被男性说话者掩盖的句子。我们记录了倾听过程中的瞳孔扩张反应。参与者可以获得高奖励或低奖励,这四种情况以分块的方式呈现。在每个SRT测试块之后,参与者进行视觉句子识别任务。在这个任务中,前一个SRT任务中呈现的句子以随机顺序视觉呈现,并与不熟悉的句子混合在一起。参与者必须指出他们之前是否听过这个句子。SRT和句子识别受到任务难度的影响,但不受奖励的影响。与我们之前的结果相反,瞳孔扩张峰值并未反映奖励的影响。然而,事后时程分析(广义相加混合模型)显示,在高难度SRT任务中,高奖励组的瞳孔反应比低奖励组更大。我们没有观察到奖励对视觉句子识别有影响。因此,目前的结果没有提供确凿的证据表明金钱奖励对瞳孔反应的影响与语音的记忆编码有关。