Cortés-Valencia Adrian, Monge Adriana, Tamayo-Ortiz Marcela, Lopez-Ridaura Ruy, Rodriguez Beatriz L, Cantú-Brito Carlos, Catzin-Kuhlmann Andres, Lajous Martin
Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, Mexico.
Occupational Health Resarch Unit, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, Mexico.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021 Jun 7;31(6):1747-1755. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.02.024. Epub 2021 Mar 2.
Many dietary guidelines encourage low-fat dairy products; however, recent studies have found null and inverse associations between high-fat dairy intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We examined the association between the intake of total dairy and different types of dairy and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, in Mexican women.
Dairy consumption was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in 1759 women in the Mexican Teachers' Cohort (MTC) study who were free of CVD or cancer. We categorized participants according to total dairy intake and consumption of four mutually exclusive dairy groups: high-fat, low-fat, yogurt, and dairy with added sugars. IMT and atherosclerotic plaque were measured by B-mode ultrasonography. Subclinical atherosclerosis was defined as an IMT ≥0.8 mm and/or the presence of plaque. Multivariable linear regression and logistic regression models were used to respectively assess the mean percentage difference of mean IMT and odds ratios (OR) for subclinical atherosclerosis across quantiles of dairy consumption. Mean (±SD) age was 45.4 ± 5.0 years and the median (interquartile range: IQR) total dairy consumption was 11.0 (6.6, 17.1) servings/week. After adjusting for lifestyle, clinical, and dietary factors, comparing the highest category of consumption, to the lowest, total dairy was associated with increased IMT (2.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6, 4.3; p-trend<0.01). Moreover, yogurt consumption was associated with lower odds of subclinical atherosclerosis (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.91; p-trend = 0.01).
While total dairy consumption was associated with carotid wall thickening, yogurt consumption was related to lower subclinical atherosclerosis.
许多饮食指南都提倡食用低脂乳制品；然而，最近的研究发现，高脂肪乳制品摄入量与心血管疾病（CVD）风险之间不存在关联以及呈负相关。我们研究了墨西哥女性中总乳制品摄入量和不同类型乳制品摄入量与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT，亚临床动脉粥样硬化的一个指标）之间的关联。
在墨西哥教师队列（MTC）研究中，使用经过验证的食物频率问卷（FFQ）对1759名无CVD或癌症的女性的乳制品消费情况进行了评估。我们根据总乳制品摄入量以及四个相互排斥的乳制品组（高脂肪、低脂肪、酸奶和添加糖的乳制品）的消费情况对参与者进行了分类。通过B型超声测量IMT和动脉粥样硬化斑块。亚临床动脉粥样硬化定义为IMT≥0.8毫米和/或存在斑块。使用多变量线性回归和逻辑回归模型分别评估不同乳制品消费分位数下IMT的平均百分比差异和亚临床动脉粥样硬化的比值比（OR）。平均（±标准差）年龄为45.4±5.0岁，总乳制品消费的中位数（四分位间距：IQR）为每周11.0（6.6，17.1）份。在对生活方式、临床和饮食因素进行调整后，将最高消费类别与最低消费类别进行比较，总乳制品摄入量与IMT增加相关（2.6%，95%置信区间（CI）：0.6，4.3；P趋势<0.01）。此外，食用酸奶与亚临床动脉粥样硬化的较低几率相关（OR = 0.65，95% CI：0.47，0.91；P趋势 = 0.01）。
虽然总乳制品消费与颈动脉壁增厚有关，但食用酸奶与较低的亚临床动脉粥样硬化有关。
