Gvaramia David, Kern Johann, Jakob Yvonne, Zenobi-Wong Marcy, Rotter Nicole
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Mannheim Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University, Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2022 Jun;28(3):531-541. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2021.0054. Epub 2021 Jun 30.
The clinical relevance of perichondrium was recognized more than a century ago. In children and adolescents, perichondrium is essential for the formation and growth of the cartilaginous part of craniofacial features and must be considered during reconstructive surgery in the head and neck area. Also in adults, perichondrium must be preserved during surgical intervention for adequate postoperative healing and cartilage maintenance. Furthermore, the regenerative function of perichondrium in the ribs enables the harvesting of the rib cartilage tissue for reconstruction of craniofacial features. With the advancement of tissue engineering, renewed attention has been focused on the perichondrium, because without this crucial tissue, the function of cartilage engineered for craniofacial reconstruction is incomplete and may not be suitable for long-term reconstructive goals. Furthermore, interest in the perichondrium was revived owing to its possible role as a microenvironment containing stem and progenitor cells. Here we will revisit seminal studies on the perichondrium and review the current literature to provide a holistic perspective on the importance of this tissue in the context of regenerative medicine. We will also highlight the functional significance of perichondrium for cartilage tissue engineering. Impact statement All adult cartilage tissues, with the exception of articular and fibrocartilage, are lined by a stratified tissue called the perichondrium. The perichondrium contributes to growth, structural stability, and regeneration and maintenance of the organ, but the cellular mechanisms underlying these processes are not well understood. This review provides a comprehensive summary of past and recent studies on perichondrium from the vantage point of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Of particular relevance is the evidence that perichondrium might contain chondrogenic progenitor cells. Cartilage tissue engineering holds great promise for novel treatments of craniofacial defects, and a better understanding of the function and structure of the perichondrium could contribute to improved therapies for head and neck reconstructive surgery and beyond.
一个多世纪前人们就认识到了软骨膜的临床相关性。在儿童和青少年中，软骨膜对于颅面特征软骨部分的形成和生长至关重要，在头颈部区域的重建手术中必须予以考虑。同样在成年人中，手术干预期间必须保留软骨膜以实现充分的术后愈合和软骨维持。此外，肋骨软骨膜的再生功能使得能够获取肋软骨组织用于颅面特征的重建。随着组织工程学的发展，人们重新将注意力集中在软骨膜上，因为没有这种关键组织，用于颅面重建的工程化软骨的功能是不完整的，可能不适用于长期重建目标。此外，由于软骨膜可能作为含有干细胞和祖细胞的微环境发挥作用，人们对它的兴趣再度兴起。在此，我们将回顾关于软骨膜的开创性研究，并综述当前文献，以全面阐述该组织在再生医学背景下的重要性。我们还将强调软骨膜在软骨组织工程中的功能意义。影响声明 除关节软骨和纤维软骨外，所有成年软骨组织都由一种称为软骨膜的分层组织覆盖。软骨膜有助于器官的生长、结构稳定以及再生和维持，但其背后的细胞机制尚未完全明确。本综述从组织工程学和再生医学的角度全面总结了过去和近期关于软骨膜的研究。特别相关的是有证据表明软骨膜可能含有软骨生成祖细胞。软骨组织工程在颅面缺陷的新治疗方法方面具有巨大潜力，更好地理解软骨膜的功能和结构可能有助于改善头颈部重建手术及其他领域的治疗。
