Schrader P C, Quanjer P H, Olievier I C
Physiology Department, University of Leiden, The Netherlands.
Eur Respir J. 1988 Apr;1(4):368-75.
In 94 girls and 90 boys, aged 12.5-20.3 yr, the relationship of respiratory pressures or forces with lung volumes and ventilatory flows was studied. There was great variability in respiratory muscle performance, which helps to explain differences in lung volumes between individuals. Respiratory muscle force increases almost proportionally with thoracic dimensions, so that inspiratory and expiratory pressures generated at the level of residual volume (RV), functional residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity (TLC) are approximately constant with age. In the oldest boys there is evidence that the continued increase in lung volumes when they stop growing is due to a 'muscularity effect'. Boys generate larger pressures than girls at all lung volumes. Thus boys attain a larger TLC, and in spite of narrower airways, the same peak expiratory flow and a larger FIV1/FVC ratio than girls. Effort independent flows (FEV1 and MMEF), however, are larger in girls.
在94名年龄在12.5至20.3岁的女孩和90名同龄男孩中，研究了呼吸压力或力量与肺容量及通气流量之间的关系。呼吸肌功能存在很大差异，这有助于解释个体之间肺容量的差异。呼吸肌力几乎与胸廓尺寸成比例增加，因此在残气量（RV）、功能残气量（FRC）和肺总量（TLC）水平产生的吸气和呼气压力随年龄增长大致保持恒定。在年龄最大的男孩中，有证据表明他们停止生长后肺容量的持续增加是由于“肌肉效应”。在所有肺容量水平上，男孩产生的压力都比女孩大。因此，男孩的肺总量更大，尽管气道较窄，但他们的呼气峰值流量与女孩相同，且第一秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量（FIV1/FVC）比值更大。然而，女孩的用力依赖流量（FEV1和MMEF）更大。
