Kutsuna Satoshi
Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global health and Medicine.
Uirusu. 2020;70(1):37-44. doi: 10.2222/jsv.70.37.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. As of March 30, 2020, there have been 693,224 reported patients with COVID-19 worldwide, with 1,446 in Japan. Currently, although aspects of the route of transmission are unclear, infection by contact and by inhaling droplets is considered to be the dominant transmission route. Inflammatory symptoms in the upper respiratory tract persist for several days to 1 week after onset, and in some patients symptoms of pneumonia worsen and become severe. The presence of underlying diseases and advanced age are risk factors for increased severity. Diagnosis is based on detection of SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of nasopharyngeal swabs or sputum. Symptomatic management is the main treatment for this disease. Although the efficacy of several agents is currently being tested, at present there is no effective therapeutic agent. To prevent infection, in addition to standard preventive measures, measures that counteract infection by contact and droplet inhalation are important. In addition, if procedures that cause aerosolization of virus are used, then measures that prevent airborne infection should be implemented.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是一种由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的呼吸道感染。截至2020年3月30日，全球报告的COVID-19患者有693224例，日本有1446例。目前，虽然传播途径的一些方面尚不清楚，但接触传播和吸入飞沫被认为是主要传播途径。上呼吸道炎症症状在发病后持续数天至1周，部分患者肺炎症状会加重并发展为重症。存在基础疾病和高龄是病情加重的危险因素。诊断基于通过对鼻咽拭子或痰液进行聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测来检测SARS-CoV-2。对症治疗是该病的主要治疗方法。虽然目前正在测试几种药物的疗效，但目前尚无有效的治疗药物。为预防感染，除标准预防措施外，针对接触传播和飞沫吸入感染的防控措施也很重要。此外，如果使用会导致病毒气溶胶化的操作，则应实施预防空气传播感染的措施。
