Gresse von Wangenheim Christiane, Hauck Jean C R, Pacheco Fernando S, Bertonceli Bueno Matheus F
Department of Informatics and Statistics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
Department of Electronics, Federal Institute of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
Educ Inf Technol (Dordr). 2021;26(5):5733-5778. doi: 10.1007/s10639-021-10570-8. Epub 2021 May 1.
Teaching Machine Learning in school helps students to be better prepared for a society rapidly changing due to the impact of Artificial Intelligence. This requires age-appropriate tools that allow students to develop a comprehensive understanding of Machine Learning in order to become creators of smart solutions. Following the trend of visual languages for introducing algorithms and programming in K-12, we present a ten-year systematic mapping of emerging visual tools that support the teaching of Machine Learning at this educational stage and analyze the tools concerning their educational characteristics, support for the development of ML models as well as their deployment and how the tools have been developed and evaluated. As a result, we encountered 16 tools targeting students mostly as part of short duration extracurricular activities. Tools mainly support the interactive development of ML models for image recognition tasks using supervised learning covering basic steps of the ML process. Being integrated into popular block-based programming languages (primarily Scratch and App Inventor), they also support the deployment of the created ML models as part of games or mobile applications. Findings indicate that the tools can effectively leverage students' understanding of Machine Learning, however, further studies regarding the design of the tools concerning educational aspects are required to better guide their effective adoption in schools and their enhancement to support the learning process more comprehensively.
在学校教授机器学习有助于学生为因人工智能影响而迅速变化的社会做好更好的准备。这需要适合学生年龄的工具,使学生能够全面理解机器学习,从而成为智能解决方案的创造者。顺应在K-12阶段引入算法和编程的视觉语言趋势,我们对支持该教育阶段机器学习教学的新兴视觉工具进行了为期十年的系统映射,并分析了这些工具的教育特性、对机器学习模型开发及其部署的支持,以及这些工具是如何开发和评估的。结果,我们发现了16种主要针对学生的工具,这些工具大多作为短期课外活动的一部分。这些工具主要支持使用监督学习进行图像识别任务的机器学习模型的交互式开发,涵盖机器学习过程的基本步骤。它们被集成到流行的基于块的编程语言(主要是Scratch和App Inventor)中,还支持将创建的机器学习模型作为游戏或移动应用程序的一部分进行部署。研究结果表明,这些工具可以有效地利用学生对机器学习的理解,然而,需要进一步开展关于工具教育方面设计的研究,以更好地指导它们在学校中的有效应用,并对其进行改进,以更全面地支持学习过程。