Smith David Harris, Schillaci Guido
Communication Studies and Media Arts, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2021 Apr 21;12:530560. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.530560. eCollection 2021.
Creativity is intrinsic to Humanities and STEM disciplines. In the activities of artists and engineers, for example, an attempt is made to bring something new into the world through counterfactual thinking. However, creativity in these disciplines is distinguished by differences in motivations and constraints. For example, engineers typically direct their creativity toward building solutions to practical problems, whereas the outcomes of artistic creativity, which are largely useless to practical purposes, aspire to enrich the world aesthetically and conceptually. In this essay, an artist (DHS) and a roboticist (GS) engage in a cross-disciplinary conceptual analysis of the creative problem of artificial consciousness in a robot, expressing the counterfactual thinking necessitated by the problem, as well as disciplinary differences in motivations, constraints, and applications. We especially deal with the question of why one would build an artificial consciousness and we consider how an illusionist theory of consciousness alters prominent ethical debates on synthetic consciousness. We discuss theories of consciousness and their applicability to synthetic consciousness. We discuss practical approaches to implementing artificial consciousness in a robot and conclude by considering the role of creativity in the project of developing an artificial consciousness.
创造力是人文学科和STEM学科所固有的。例如，在艺术家和工程师的活动中，人们试图通过反事实思维将新事物带入世界。然而，这些学科中的创造力因动机和限制的差异而有所不同。例如，工程师通常将他们的创造力导向构建实际问题的解决方案，而艺术创造力的成果在很大程度上对实际目的毫无用处，旨在从美学和概念上丰富世界。在本文中，一位艺术家（DHS）和一位机器人专家（GS）对机器人中人工意识的创造性问题进行了跨学科概念分析，表达了该问题所需的反事实思维，以及动机、限制和应用方面的学科差异。我们特别探讨了为什么要构建人工意识这一问题，并思考意识的幻觉理论如何改变关于合成意识的突出伦理辩论。我们讨论了意识理论及其对合成意识的适用性。我们讨论了在机器人中实现人工意识的实际方法，并通过思考创造力在开发人工意识项目中的作用来得出结论。
