Knowles Alex, Campbell Susan, Cross Neil, Stafford Prachi
Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Apr 22;12:645161. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.645161. eCollection 2021.
Host immune activation forms a vital line of defence against bacterial pathogenicity. However, just as hosts have evolved immune responses, bacteria have developed means to escape, hijack and subvert these responses to promote survival. In recent years, a highly conserved group of signalling cascades within the host, collectively termed the integrated stress response (ISR), have become increasingly implicated in immune activation during bacterial infection. Activation of the ISR leads to a complex web of cellular reprogramming, which ultimately results in the paradoxical outcomes of either cellular homeostasis or cell death. Therefore, any pathogen with means to manipulate this pathway could induce a range of cellular outcomes and benefit from favourable conditions for long-term survival and replication. This review aims to outline what is currently known about bacterial manipulation of the ISR and present key hypotheses highlighting areas for future research.
宿主免疫激活构成了抵御细菌致病性的重要防线。然而，正如宿主进化出免疫反应一样，细菌也发展出了逃避、劫持和颠覆这些反应以促进生存的手段。近年来，宿主内一组高度保守的信号级联反应，统称为综合应激反应（ISR），在细菌感染期间的免疫激活中越来越受到关注。ISR的激活导致了复杂的细胞重编程网络，最终导致细胞内稳态或细胞死亡等矛盾的结果。因此，任何有能力操纵这条通路的病原体都可能诱导一系列细胞结果，并从有利于长期生存和复制的条件中获益。本综述旨在概述目前已知的细菌对ISR的操纵情况，并提出关键假设，突出未来研究的重点领域。
