Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone.
Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med. 2021 May 7;13(1):e1-e7. doi: 10.4102/phcfm.v13i1.2822.
The prevalence of depression is estimated to be high in primary care settings, especially amongst people with chronic diseases. Early identification and management of depression can improve chronic disease outcomes and quality of life, however, there are many missed opportunities in primary care.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of depression and depressive symptoms in two urban primary care settings.
The study was conducted at two primary care facilities in the capital city of Botswana.
We administered a demographic questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to adults attending two primary care facilities. The association between depressive symptoms and demographic variables was determined using Chi-square; level of significance was set at 0.05. We carried out a multivariate analysis using Kruskal-Wallis test to determine the association between demographic characteristics and depression.
A sample of 259 participants were recruited (66.8% women, median age 32). The mean PHQ-9 score was 8.71. A total of 39.8% of participants screened positive for depression at a cut-off of 9.0% and 35.1% at a cut-off of 10. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with employment status and income using the Kruskal-Wallis test, χ2 (1) = 5.649, p = 0.017.
The high rates of depressive symptoms amongst the study population highlight the need for depression screening in primary care settings. The association between unemployment and income underscore the impact of socio-economic status on mental health in this setting.
据估计，在基层医疗机构中，抑郁症的患病率很高，尤其是在患有慢性疾病的人群中。早期识别和管理抑郁症可以改善慢性疾病的结局和生活质量，但在基层医疗中存在许多错失的机会。
本研究旨在确定在两个城市基层医疗机构中抑郁症和抑郁症状的患病率和相关因素。
该研究在博茨瓦纳首都的两个基层医疗机构进行。
我们向参加两个基层医疗机构的成年人发放了一份人口统计学问卷和患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）。使用卡方检验（χ2）确定抑郁症状与人口统计学变量之间的关联；显著性水平设为 0.05。我们使用克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验（Kruskal-Wallis test）进行多变量分析，以确定人口统计学特征与抑郁之间的关联。
共招募了 259 名参与者（66.8%为女性，中位年龄 32 岁）。PHQ-9 的平均得分为 8.71。共有 39.8%的参与者在 9.0%的截断值处筛查出患有抑郁症，35.1%在 10.0%的截断值处筛查出患有抑郁症。抑郁症状与就业状况和收入显著相关，Kruskal-Wallis 检验，χ2（1）=5.649，p=0.017。
研究人群中抑郁症状的高发生率突出表明，在基层医疗机构中需要进行抑郁症筛查。失业和收入之间的关联强调了社会经济地位对这一环境中心理健康的影响。
