Fonseca Bruno M, Rebelo Irene
UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
Reprod Sci. 2022 Sep;29(9):2429-2439. doi: 10.1007/s43032-021-00588-1. Epub 2021 May 10.
Although cannabis use is increasing in general population, their prevalence among young adults is remarkably high. In recent years, their medical use gained a renewed interest. However, it can underline the reputation of cannabis being a harmless drug. Between cannabinoids, uniquely found on the cannabis plant, Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the well-studied compound. It is responsible for the psychoactive effects via central cannabinoid receptors. Nevertheless, cannabinoids interact with other chemical signalling systems such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. THC indirectly decreases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion by the hypothalamus. The consequences are diverse, and several key hormones are affected. THC disturbs important reproductive events like folliculogenesis, ovulation and sperm maturation and function. Although generally accepted that cannabinoid consumption impacts male and female fertility, prevailing evidence remains largely on pre-clinical studies. Here, we introduce cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system, and we review the most prominent clinical evidence about cannabis consumption in reproductive potential and teratogenicity.
尽管大麻在普通人群中的使用呈上升趋势，但其在年轻人中的流行率极高。近年来，大麻的医疗用途重新引起了人们的兴趣。然而，这可能会强化大麻是一种无害药物的声誉。在大麻植物中特有的大麻素之间，Δ-四氢大麻酚（THC）是研究充分的化合物。它通过中枢大麻素受体产生精神活性作用。然而，大麻素会与其他化学信号系统相互作用，如下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴。THC间接减少下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）的分泌。其后果多种多样，几种关键激素会受到影响。THC会干扰卵泡生成、排卵以及精子成熟和功能等重要生殖事件。尽管人们普遍认为大麻消费会影响男性和女性的生育能力，但目前的主要证据大多来自临床前研究。在此，我们介绍大麻素和内源性大麻素系统，并综述关于大麻消费对生殖潜力和致畸性影响的最突出临床证据。
