Handley Tonelle E, Lewin Terry J, Butterworth Peter, Kelly Brian J
Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
BMC Public Health. 2021 May 10;21(1):888. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10876-9.
In Australia, it is projected that one in four individuals will be at the nominal retirement age of 65 or over by 2056; this effect is expected to be especially pronounced in rural areas. Previous findings on the effects of retirement on wellbeing have been mixed. The present study explores the effects of employment and retirement on health and wellbeing among a sample of rural Australians.
Australian Rural Mental Health Study participants who were aged 45 or over (N = 2013) were included in a series of analyses to compare the health and wellbeing of individuals with differing employment and retirement circumstances. Self-reported outcome variables included perceived physical health and everyday functioning, financial wellbeing, mental health, relationships, and satisfaction with life.
Across the outcomes, participants who were employed or retired generally reported better health and wellbeing than those not in the workforce. Retired participants rated more highly than employed participants on mental health, relationships, and satisfaction with life. There was also a short-term benefit for perceived financial status for retired participants compared to employed participants, but this effect diminished over time.
While retirement is a significant life transition that may affect multiple facets of an individual's life, the direction and magnitude of these effects vary depending on the retirement context, namely the pre-retirement and concurrent circumstances within which an individual is retiring. Personal perceptions of status changes may also contribute to an individual's wellbeing more so than objective factors such as income. Policies that promote rural work/retirement opportunities and diversity and address rural disadvantage are needed.
在澳大利亚，预计到2056年，每四个人中就有一人将达到65岁或以上的法定退休年龄；预计这种影响在农村地区将尤为明显。先前关于退休对幸福感影响的研究结果不一。本研究探讨了就业和退休对澳大利亚农村地区样本人群健康和幸福感的影响。
将年龄在45岁及以上的澳大利亚农村心理健康研究参与者（N = 2013）纳入一系列分析，以比较不同就业和退休状况的个体的健康和幸福感。自我报告的结果变量包括感知到的身体健康和日常功能、财务状况、心理健康、人际关系以及生活满意度。
在各项结果中，就业或退休的参与者总体上报告的健康和幸福感优于未就业的参与者。退休参与者在心理健康、人际关系和生活满意度方面的评分高于就业参与者。与就业参与者相比，退休参与者在感知财务状况方面也有短期益处，但这种影响会随着时间的推移而减弱。
虽然退休是一个重大的生活转变，可能会影响个人生活的多个方面，但这些影响的方向和程度因退休背景而异，即个人退休时的退休前和同时期情况。个人对地位变化的看法可能比收入等客观因素对个人幸福感贡献更大。需要制定促进农村工作/退休机会和多样性并解决农村劣势的政策。
