Ishikawa-Takata Kazuko, Okamoto Kaori, Taguchi Motoko
Waseda Institute of Sports Nutrition, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021 May 10;18(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s12970-021-00433-5.
Food frequency questionnaires are considered an effective method for assessing habitual dietary intake, but they must be developed or validated with the target population. Portion size, supplement use and food choice are thought to be especially important methodological considerations for assessing athletes' dietary intake. This study aimed to develop and validate a food frequency questionnaire for Japanese athletes using data from this population.
We used dietary records from 440 Japanese athletes involved in our previous projects. Food items were analyzed using cumulative percentage contributions and multiple regression analysis, to give a selection of 62 basic food items and four supplemental items. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated among another 77 Japanese athletes by comparing nutrient intakes assessed using the questionnaire with dietary records. Reproducibility was evaluated by comparing a second questionnaire completed 2-3 weeks later by 36 of the athletes in the validation study. Validity was assessed using crude Spearman's correlation coefficients (CCs), energy-adjusted CCs, intraclass CCs (ICCs), and Kappa index values. Reproducibility was assessed by CCs, energy-adjusted CCs, and ICCs.
In the validation analysis, the median crude CC for all of the nutrients was 0.407, ranging from 0.222 for dietary fiber to 0.550 for carbohydrate. The median energy-adjusted CC was 0.478, and the median ICC was 0.369. When we divided the athletes into quartiles, 65% (vitamin B) to 86% (iron) of athletes were classified into the same or adjacent categories using the questionnaire and dietary records, with a median Kappa statistic of 0.32. In the reproducibility analysis, the median crude CC between the two completed questionnaires was 0.654, ranging from 0.582 (carbohydrate) to 0.743 (vitamin B). The median energy-adjusted CC was 0.643, and the median ICC was 0.647.
The new 62-item food frequency questionnaire is both reliable and valid and may be useful for assessing food intake in Japanese athletes.
食物频率问卷被认为是评估习惯性饮食摄入量的有效方法，但必须针对目标人群进行开发或验证。份量大小、补充剂使用情况和食物选择被认为是评估运动员饮食摄入量时特别重要的方法学考虑因素。本研究旨在利用来自该人群的数据，开发并验证一份适用于日本运动员的食物频率问卷。
我们使用了参与我们之前项目的440名日本运动员的饮食记录。通过累积百分比贡献和多元回归分析对食物项目进行分析，从而选出62种基本食物项目和4种补充项目。通过将使用该问卷评估的营养摄入量与饮食记录进行比较，在另外77名日本运动员中评估该问卷的有效性。通过比较验证研究中36名运动员在2至3周后填写的第二份问卷，评估问卷的可重复性。使用粗斯皮尔曼相关系数（CCs）、能量调整后的CCs、组内相关系数（ICCs）和卡帕指数值评估有效性。通过CCs、能量调整后的CCs和ICCs评估可重复性。
在验证分析中，所有营养素的粗CC中位数为0.407，范围从膳食纤维的0.222到碳水化合物的0.550。能量调整后的CC中位数为0.478，ICC中位数为0.369。当我们将运动员分为四分位数时，使用问卷和饮食记录，65%（维生素B）至86%（铁）的运动员被归类到相同或相邻类别，卡帕统计量中位数为0.32。在可重复性分析中，两份填写完成的问卷之间的粗CC中位数为0.654，范围从0.582（碳水化合物）到0.743（维生素B）。能量调整后的CC中位数为0.643，ICC中位数为0.647。
新的62项食物频率问卷既可靠又有效，可能有助于评估日本运动员的食物摄入量。
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