Liu Yisi, Wu Xin, Sun Liwei
Department of Physical Education, Xi'an Aeronautical Institute, Xi'an, 710077, China.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2025 May 8;17(1):119. doi: 10.1186/s13102-025-01076-8.
Previous studies have revealed the role of the dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio in predicting cardiovascular and total mortality. However, a limited number of studies have investigated the association between the dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio and individual biomarkers of metabolic disease in athletes. In this study, we aimed to compare metabolic, atherogenic, and anthropometric risk factors for cardiovascular disease across different quartiles of the dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio among young semi-professional athletes with overweight or obesity.
In this cross-sectional study, 637 young semi-professional athletes, aged 20-40 years, were selected from active athletic and fitness clubs. Anthropometric measurements were performed, and fasting blood sugar, serum lipids, and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] were measured. Atherogenic indices, including the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Castelli risk index (CRI)-I, CRI-II, and lipid tetrad index (LTI), were calculated.
Participants in the highest quartile of the dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio were younger and had a higher waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) compared to those in the lowest quartile. Additionally, those in the highest quartile showed significantly higher serum total cholesterol and Lp(a) concentrations after adjusting for confounding factors (P < 0.05).
Our findings suggest that individuals in the higher quartiles of the dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio exhibit less favorable serum lipid profiles. Further longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to clarify the potential therapeutic role of reducing the dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio in managing cardiovascular disease risk factors.
先前的研究已经揭示了饮食中钠钾比在预测心血管疾病和全因死亡率方面的作用。然而，仅有少数研究调查了饮食中钠钾比与运动员代谢性疾病个体生物标志物之间的关联。在本研究中，我们旨在比较超重或肥胖的年轻半职业运动员中，饮食钠钾比不同四分位数人群的心血管疾病代谢、致动脉粥样硬化和人体测量学风险因素。
在这项横断面研究中，从活跃的体育和健身俱乐部选取了637名年龄在20 - 40岁的年轻半职业运动员。进行了人体测量，并测量了空腹血糖、血脂和脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]。计算了致动脉粥样硬化指数，包括血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(AIP)、卡斯泰利风险指数(CRI)-I、CRI-II和脂质四分位数指数(LTI)。
与饮食钠钾比最低四分位数的参与者相比，最高四分位数的参与者更年轻，腰臀比(WHR)更高。此外，在调整混杂因素后，最高四分位数的参与者血清总胆固醇和Lp(a)浓度显著更高(P < 0.05)。
我们的研究结果表明，饮食钠钾比处于较高四分位数的个体血清脂质谱较差。需要进一步的纵向和干预性研究来阐明降低饮食钠钾比在管理心血管疾病风险因素方面的潜在治疗作用。
