Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Pavillon des Services, Laval University, 2440, Hochelaga Boulevard, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Canada.
School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018 Sep 14;15(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s12970-018-0250-y.
Studies have shown that the majority of endurance athletes do not achieve the minimal recommended carbohydrate (CHO) intake of 6 g/kg of body weight (BW), with potentially negative impacts on recovery and performance. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a rapid and easy to use dietary screener to identify athletes who do and do not achieve a CHO intake > 6 g/kg BW in the context of endurance sports.
The dietary screener was developed using multiple logistic regression modeling of data from a sample of 1571 non-athlete adults (826 women and 745 men, mean age 44.75 ± 14.2 years) among whom dietary intake was assessed using a validated web-based food frequency questionnaire (web-FFQ). Three models were developed based on whole food intake using the 5, 10 and 15 most significant variables predicting CHO intake. The three models were then validated in a target population of non-elite endurance athletes having taken part in multisport events (n = 175, 64 women and 111 men, mean age 37.1 ± 11.3 years) and compared using sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively) and c-statistics.
The 15-variables model provided significantly better accuracy in predicting CHO intake adequacy in non-elite endurance athletes (c-statistic = 0.94) compared with the 10- and 5-variables model (c-statistic = 0.90 and 0.71 respectively). The 15-variables model predicts CHO intake adequacy in the target population of endurance athlete with a sensitivity of 89.5%, a specificity of 87.3% and PPV and NPV of 77.3 and 94.5%, respectively.
We have successfully developed a short and valid dietary screener that identifies endurance athletes at risk of not achieving a CHO intake > 6 g/kg BW. Use of this rapid screener may help alleviate the highly prevalent issue of suboptimal CHO consumption in the endurance sports realm.
研究表明，大多数耐力运动员的碳水化合物（CHO）摄入量未达到 6g/kg 体重的最低推荐摄入量，这可能对恢复和表现产生负面影响。本研究的目的是开发和验证一种快速易用的饮食筛查工具，以确定在耐力运动中摄入 CHO 量>6g/kg BW 的运动员和未摄入 CHO 量>6g/kg BW 的运动员。
使用 1571 名非运动员成年人（826 名女性和 745 名男性，平均年龄 44.75±14.2 岁）的数据，采用多逻辑回归建模方法开发了饮食筛查工具，其中饮食摄入量采用经过验证的基于网络的食物频率问卷（web-FFQ）进行评估。基于全食物摄入量，使用预测 CHO 摄入量的 5、10 和 15 个最重要变量，分别开发了三个模型。然后，在参加多运动项目的非精英耐力运动员（n=175，64 名女性和 111 名男性，平均年龄 37.1±11.3 岁）的目标人群中对这三个模型进行了验证，并比较了它们的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值（PPV）和阴性预测值（NPV）以及 c 统计量。
与 10 变量和 5 变量模型（c 统计量分别为 0.90 和 0.71）相比，15 变量模型在预测非精英耐力运动员的 CHO 摄入充足性方面具有更高的准确性（c 统计量=0.94）。15 变量模型预测目标人群中耐力运动员的 CHO 摄入充足性的敏感性为 89.5%，特异性为 87.3%，PPV 和 NPV 分别为 77.3%和 94.5%。
我们成功开发了一种简短有效的饮食筛查工具，可识别摄入 CHO 量<6g/kg BW 风险较高的耐力运动员。使用这种快速筛查工具可能有助于缓解耐力运动领域普遍存在的 CHO 摄入不足的问题。
