Plastic Surgery Department University Hospital Miguel Servet Paseo Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2021 Sep;74(9):2372-2378. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.03.066. Epub 2021 Apr 6.
Major changes have occurred in the medical environment leading to an evolution from the traditional residency programmes to competency-based ones. Virtual reality (VR) represents a promising simulation resource for surgical training. Several types of VR simulators can be considered, depending on the level of immersion they offer. The goal of the article is to review the progress of VR simulation in plastic surgery (PS) training. A systematic search of the literature was performed on PUBMED/MEDLINE with the following key words: (Simulation OR Virtual Reality) AND (Education OR Training) AND Plastic Surgery from January 1998 to September 2019. A total of 244 results were found, and 80 of them were selected for abstract review. Sixty-four articles were selected for complete reading. Several attempts have been made to create VR simulators and most of them are non-immersive or partially immersive. The main conclusions of them are summarized. VR simulation has been proven to have a role in PS training, offering many advantages. Furthermore, VR simulation can be used for safety training, team interaction and decision-making education. Validation is a key point for acceptance of simulators. Further efforts are required to include simulation in PS curricula.
医学环境发生了重大变化，导致从传统的住院医师培训计划向基于能力的培训转变。虚拟现实（VR）是一种有前途的手术培训模拟资源。根据其提供的沉浸程度，可以考虑几种类型的 VR 模拟器。本文的目的是综述 VR 模拟在整形外科学培训中的进展。在 PUBMED/MEDLINE 上进行了系统的文献检索，使用了以下关键词：（模拟或虚拟现实）和（教育或培训）和整形外科学，从 1998 年 1 月到 2019 年 9 月。共发现 244 个结果，其中 80 个被选中进行摘要审查。64 篇文章被选为完整阅读。已经尝试创建了几种 VR 模拟器，其中大多数是非沉浸式或部分沉浸式的。总结了它们的主要结论。VR 模拟已被证明在整形外科学培训中具有作用，具有许多优势。此外，VR 模拟可用于安全培训、团队互动和决策教育。验证是接受模拟器的关键。需要进一步努力将模拟纳入整形外科学课程。
