Razik Imran, Brown Bridget K G, Page Rachel A, Carter Gerald G
Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 318 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, USA.
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panamá.
R Soc Open Sci. 2021 Feb 10;8(2):201927. doi: 10.1098/rsos.201927.
Individual animals across many different species occasionally 'adopt' unrelated, orphaned offspring. Although adoption may be best explained as a by-product of adaptive traits that enhance parental care or promote the development of parental skills, one factor that is possibly important for the likelihood of adoption is the history of cooperative interactions between the mother, adopted offspring and adopter. Using 652 h of behavioural samples collected over four months, we describe patterns of allogrooming and food sharing before and after an instance of non-kin adoption between two adult female common vampire bats () that were captured from distant sites (340 km apart) and introduced to one another in captivity. The first female died from an illness 19 days after giving birth. The second female groomed and regurgitated food to the mother more often than any other group member, then groomed, nursed and regurgitated food to the orphaned, female pup. The substantial increase in alloparental care by this female after the mother's death was not observed among the 20 other adult females that were present in the colony. Our findings corroborate previous reports of non-kin adoption in common vampire bats and are consistent with the hypothesis that non-kin adoption can be motivated, in part, by a history of cooperative interactions.
许多不同物种中的个体动物偶尔会“收养”与自己没有亲缘关系的孤儿后代。虽然收养行为最好被解释为增强亲代抚育或促进亲代技能发展的适应性特征的副产品，但对于收养可能性而言，一个可能重要的因素是母亲、被收养后代和收养者之间合作互动的历史。我们利用在四个月内收集的652小时行为样本，描述了两只成年雌性普通吸血蝠（ ）之间非亲缘收养事件前后的相互梳理毛发和食物分享模式，这两只吸血蝠是从相距遥远的地点（相距340公里）捕获并在圈养环境中相互介绍的。第一只雌性在分娩后19天因病死亡。第二只雌性比其他任何群体成员都更频繁地为死去母亲梳理毛发并反刍食物给它，然后又为这只失去母亲的雌性幼崽梳理毛发、哺乳并反刍食物。在该群体中其他20只成年雌性中，未观察到在母亲死亡后这只雌性的异亲抚育行为有大幅增加。我们的研究结果证实了之前关于普通吸血蝠中非亲缘收养的报道，并与非亲缘收养部分可能由合作互动历史所驱动的假设相一致。
