Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Modélisation d'Evry (LaMME), UMR CNRS 8071, ENSIIE, USC INRA, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Evry, France.
Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France.
Genome Biol Evol. 2021 May 7;13(5). doi: 10.1093/gbe/evab062.
Transposable elements (TEs) are major components of eukaryotic genomes and represent approximately 45% of the human genome. TEs can be important sources of novelty in genomes and there is increasing evidence that TEs contribute to the evolution of gene regulation in mammals. Gene duplication is an evolutionary mechanism that also provides new genetic material and opportunities to acquire new functions. To investigate how duplicated genes are maintained in genomes, here, we explored the TE environment of duplicated and singleton genes. We found that singleton genes have more short-interspersed nuclear elements and DNA transposons in their vicinity than duplicated genes, whereas long-interspersed nuclear elements and long-terminal repeat retrotransposons have accumulated more near duplicated genes. We also discovered that this result is highly associated with the degree of essentiality of the genes with an unexpected accumulation of short-interspersed nuclear elements and DNA transposons around the more-essential genes. Our results underline the importance of taking into account the TE environment of genes to better understand how duplicated genes are maintained in genomes.
转座元件 (TEs) 是真核基因组的主要组成部分，约占人类基因组的 45%。TEs 可以成为基因组中新奇性的重要来源，越来越多的证据表明 TEs 有助于哺乳动物基因调控的进化。基因复制是一种提供新遗传物质和获得新功能的进化机制。为了研究复制基因如何在基因组中维持，在这里，我们探讨了复制和单基因的 TEs 环境。我们发现，与复制基因相比，单基因在其附近有更多的短散在核元件和 DNA 转座子，而长散在核元件和长末端重复逆转录转座子则在复制基因附近积累得更多。我们还发现，这一结果与基因的必需性程度高度相关，更必需的基因周围积累了更多的短散在核元件和 DNA 转座子。我们的结果强调了考虑基因的 TEs 环境对于更好地理解复制基因如何在基因组中维持的重要性。
