Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI.
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021 Aug;79(8):1723-1730. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2021.03.008. Epub 2021 Mar 29.
With the recent increase in popularity of electronic cigarette use in the United States, its harmful effects are not only limited to smoke inhalation, but also to the possibility of e-cigarette device malfunction. The purpose of this review is to characterize oromaxillofacial trauma secondary to electronic cigarette device explosion.
For this systematic review, PubMed and Embase were searched in October 2019 using the following search terms: e-cigarette burns, e-cigarette injury, and e-cigarette explosions, which yielded 400 studies. Basic science research, animal studies, non-English studies, and reports of non-oromaxillofacial injuries were excluded. Study subject demographics, mechanism of trauma, injury type, treatment, and sequelae were recorded and analyzed.
Of all studies, 20 studies met inclusion criteria, including 14 case reports and 6 case series, with a total of 21 study subjects. For cases that reported sex, 100% were male (20) with a mean age of 29.5 years. Most common lacerations and/or burns involved the lips (10/21), tongue (8/21), soft palate and/or hard palate (4/21), and nose (5/21). Thirteen subjects underwent surgeries including oral-maxillofacial surgery or dental implants (7/13), bone graft repair (3/13), open reduction and internal fixation for preservation of sinus outflow tracts (2/13), foreign body removal from the cervical spine (1/13), and iridectomy (1/13). Reported complications included bone loss secondary to traumatic fracture, tinnitus and hearing loss, lip paralysis secondary to persistent edema, major depressive disorder/ post-traumatic stress disorder, persistent sinusitis, photophobia, and bilateral axillary and hand contractures.
Electronic cigarette device malfunction and explosion carries great risk for acute oromaxillofacial trauma that may be disfiguring. With the increasing popularity of electronic cigarette use, clinicians and patients should be advised regarding dangers of electronic cigarette use.
随着电子烟在美国的普及度最近有所增加，其有害影响不仅限于烟雾吸入，还包括电子烟设备故障的可能性。本综述的目的是描述电子烟设备爆炸引起的口腔颌面损伤。
在 2019 年 10 月，我们通过以下搜索词在 PubMed 和 Embase 上进行了系统性回顾搜索：电子烟烧伤、电子烟损伤和电子烟爆炸，共产生了 400 项研究。排除基础科学研究、动物研究、非英语研究以及非口腔颌面损伤报告。记录并分析了研究对象的人口统计学、创伤机制、损伤类型、治疗和后遗症。
所有研究中，有 20 项研究符合纳入标准，包括 14 例病例报告和 6 例病例系列，共涉及 21 例研究对象。报告性别者中，100%为男性（20 例），平均年龄为 29.5 岁。最常见的裂伤和/或烧伤涉及嘴唇（10/21）、舌头（8/21）、软腭和/或硬腭（4/21）和鼻子（5/21）。13 例患者接受了手术，包括口腔颌面外科或牙种植术（7/13）、骨移植修复（3/13）、为保留窦道通畅而进行的切开复位和内固定术（2/13）、颈椎异物取出术（1/13）和虹膜切除术（1/13）。报告的并发症包括创伤性骨折引起的骨丢失、耳鸣和听力损失、持续水肿导致的唇瘫痪、重度抑郁症/创伤后应激障碍、持续性鼻窦炎、畏光以及双侧腋窝和手部挛缩。
电子烟设备故障和爆炸会导致严重的急性口腔颌面损伤，可能导致毁容。随着电子烟使用的普及度增加，临床医生和患者都应该了解电子烟使用的危害。
