种鸡母代生长策略的代际效应。
Intergenerational effects of maternal growth strategies in broiler breeders.
机构信息
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5.
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5.
出版信息
Poult Sci. 2021 Jun;100(6):101090. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101090. Epub 2021 Mar 12.
Maternal growth patterns affect broiler growth performance. The current study investigated the impact of lesser growth restriction, compared to the breeder-recommended target growth, during the prepubertal growth phase and earlier pubertal growth in breeders on their offspring growth and carcass traits. In a randomized controlled trial, a total of 40 female broiler breeders were randomly assigned to 10 unique growth trajectories with 2 levels of maternal BW gain (MW) in prepubertal phase and 5 levels of maternal pubertal growth inflection (MI) for each level of the MW. Growth parameters (MW and MI) were estimated by fitting a 3-phase Gompertz model to the breeder-recommended BW target (Standard MW; SMW), or 10% higher (HMW). Maternal pubertal inflection was advanced by 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20% in both SMW and HMW groups. Maternal growth trajectories were implemented from 0 to 42 wk of age using a precision feeding (PF) system. The current study consisted of two cohorts that varied in maternal age (MA) of 35 and 42 wk. The broiler chicks were fed to 35 d of age, also with the PF system. Analysis of covariance was conducted on all dependent variables (BW, FCR, carcass traits) with MA, MW, and offspring sex as categorical variables and MI as a continuous predictor variable. Chicks from 42 wk old hens had higher 0 (hatch), 14, 21, and 28 d BW, liver, and heart weight, and lower FCR from 7 to 35 d of age than those from the 35 wk old hens. Compared to SMW hens, HMW hens produced female offspring with lower FCR, and male offspring with heavier gut weight. Advancing MI increased hatch BW in both sexes and 35 d BW in male broilers. For every week that the MI was advanced, hatch BW increased by 0.26 g in females and 0.39 g in males; however, 21 and 35 d BW decreased by 6.85 and 17.29 g/wk in females and increased by 10.53 and 25.94 g/wk in males, respectively. Overall, a lesser degree of growth restriction during prepubertal and earlier pubertal growth increased male offspring growth.
母体生长模式会影响肉鸡的生长性能。本研究旨在探讨在育雏前期和早期育雏期，与种鸡推荐的生长目标相比，较小的生长限制对种鸡后代生长和屠体性状的影响。采用随机对照试验，将 40 只雌性肉鸡种鸡随机分配到 10 个独特的生长轨迹中，每个轨迹有 2 个母体体重 gain（MW）水平和 5 个母体 pubertal 生长拐点（MI）水平，每个 MW 水平各有 5 个水平。通过对种鸡推荐的 BW 目标（标准 MW；SMW）或 10%更高（HMW）拟合 3 相 Gompertz 模型来估计生长参数（MW 和 MI）。SMW 和 HMW 组的母体 pubertal inflection 分别提前 0、5、10、15 或 20%。从 0 到 42 周龄，采用精准饲喂（PF）系统实施母体生长轨迹。本研究包括两个队列，种鸡的母体年龄（MA）分别为 35 周和 42 周。肉鸡雏鸡在 35 日龄时也采用 PF 系统进行饲喂。用协方差分析对所有依赖变量（BW、FCR、屠体性状）进行分析，MA、MW 和后代性别为分类变量，MI 为连续预测变量。42 周龄母鸡的小鸡具有更高的 0（孵化）、14、21 和 28 日龄 BW、肝脏和心脏重量，以及 7 至 35 日龄的更低 FCR。与 SMW 母鸡相比，HMW 母鸡的雌性后代具有较低的 FCR，雄性后代的肠道重量较重。MI 的提前增加了雌雄小鸡的孵化 BW，以及雄性肉鸡的 35 日龄 BW。MI 提前一周，雌性小鸡的孵化 BW 增加 0.26 克，雄性小鸡增加 0.39 克；然而，雌性小鸡的 21 和 35 日龄 BW 每周分别减少 6.85 和 17.29 克，雄性小鸡的 21 和 35 日龄 BW 每周分别增加 10.53 和 25.94 克。总的来说，育雏前期和早期育雏期较小的生长限制程度增加了雄性后代的生长。
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