Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
Poult Sci. 2019 Jun 1;98(6):2555-2561. doi: 10.3382/ps/pey603.
The objective of the current research was to evaluate transgenerational effects of maternal dietary energy and protein on growth, efficiency, and yield of broiler offspring. A factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of high and low ME and CP levels fed during the rearing and laying phases was used. The study was a final 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, including broiler sex. Ross 708 broiler breeder pullets (n = 933) were fed diets containing 2,736 (HEREAR) or 2,528 kcal/kg ME (LEREAR) with either 15.3% (HPREAR) or 13.7% CP (LPREAR). From 25 wk, dams were fed a 15% CP laying diet containing 2,900 (HELAY) or 2,800 kcal/kg ME (LELAY). Following artificial insemination of the dams at 35 wk, eggs were collected for 1 wk, incubated, and pedigree hatched to preserve maternal identity. Broiler offspring were placed sex-separately into 32 pens, according to laying phase maternal treatments, with rearing maternal treatments nested within pens. Individual BW and pen level feed intake were recorded weekly. Broilers were processed at 40 d of age to evaluate yield. Maternal diet effects on offspring BW were sex dependent and transient. Female LPREAR × LELAY broilers had lower pectoralis major and carcass yield than HPREAR × LELAY females. Male HPREAR × HELAY broilers had increased breast yield (19.8%) compared with 18.4% in HPREAR × LELAY broilers. Carcass yield was lower in LEREAR × HPREAR broilers (63.7%) compared with HEREAR × HPREAR broilers (64.9%). LEREAR × HPREAR dams had the lowest ME to CP ratio (E: P) diets and highest rearing phase CP intake. Maternal diet did not influence offspring FCR. The most consistent contributor to increased BW was higher maternal dietary CP and ME during rearing. Low ME maternal laying phase diets increased BW of male offspring more consistently than of female offspring. Maternal nutrition also influenced broiler yield, and is thus economically important. Energy and protein dilution in broiler breeder pullet diets may have detrimental effects on offspring performance.
本研究旨在评估母代日粮能量和蛋白质的代际效应对肉鸡后代生长、效率和产量的影响。采用了一个由高、低 ME 和 CP 水平饲养的饲养和产蛋阶段的因子处理安排。该研究是一个最终的 2×2×2×2 因子处理的析因设计，包括肉鸡性别。Ross 708 肉鸡种母鸡（n=933）被饲喂含有 2736（HEREAR）或 2528 kcal/kg ME（LEREAR）的日粮，分别含有 15.3%（HPREAR）或 13.7% CP（LPREAR）。从 25 周龄开始，母鸡饲喂含有 2900（HELAY）或 2800 kcal/kg ME（LELAY）的 15% CP 产蛋日粮。在 35 周龄时对母鸡进行人工授精后，收集鸡蛋 1 周，进行孵化，并通过 pedigree 孵化来保存母系身份。肉鸡后代根据产蛋期母代处理，按性别分别放入 32 个栏中，饲养期母代处理嵌套在栏中。每周记录个体 BW 和栏级采食量。肉鸡在 40 日龄时进行处理，以评估产量。母代日粮对后代 BW 的影响与性别有关且是暂时的。LPREAR×LELAY 雌性肉鸡的胸肌和屠体产量低于 HPREAR×LELAY 雌性肉鸡。HPREAR×HELAY 雄性肉鸡的胸肉产量（19.8%）高于 HPREAR×LELAY 雄性肉鸡（18.4%）。与 HEREAR×HPREAR 肉鸡相比，LEREAR×HPREAR 肉鸡的屠体产量较低（63.7%）。LEREAR×HPREAR 母鸡的 E：P 日粮最低，饲养阶段 CP 摄入量最高。母代日粮不影响后代 FCR。对 BW 增加最一致的贡献是饲养阶段较高的母代日粮 CP 和 ME。低 ME 母代产蛋日粮对雄性后代 BW 的影响比雌性后代更一致。母代营养也影响肉鸡的产肉量，因此具有经济重要性。肉鸡种母鸡日粮中能量和蛋白质的稀释可能对后代的性能产生不利影响。
