Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Science, Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Nepal.
Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Oct 1;286:117292. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117292. Epub 2021 May 3.
This study employed a portable emissions measurement system to investigate the effects of vehicle attributes, driving behavior, and road grade on real-world emissions of particulate matter (PM), regulated gaseous pollutants, and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for old-model diesel trucks (model year 1995-2006, 6.7-35.0 metric ton) with little to no tailpipe emission control. The rated power of engines was a major determinant of the distance-specific emission factors of PM, particle-bound PAHs, and most gaseous pollutants. However, the engine size was unrelated to the total hydrocarbon emission factor and the benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPeq) emission factor of PAHs. Aggressive (AG) and normal (NR) driving behaviors were quantitatively defined with a relative positive acceleration. The emission factors of PM, CO, and THC were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the AG and NR driving modes. AG driving caused an average increase in emissions of PM, CO, NO, and particle-bound PAHs by 122%, 56%, 15%, and 128%, respectively, compared to the respective emissions under the NR mode. The BaPeq emission factor of PAHs in the AG mode was more than 10 times that in the NR mode. The road gradient (ranging from -9.3% to 9.0% over the test route) had significant impacts on the emissions of PM, CO, and NO. PM, CO, and NO emission factors increased by 109%, 168%, and 160%, respectively, in the >6% grade bin and decreased by 95%, 91%, and 90%, respectively, in the equivalent negative-grade bin, implying that the decrease in emissions on negative road slopes may not compensate for the increase in emissions on the equivalent positive road slopes despite the road slope being compensated. The findings of this study will be valuable for developing air quality management strategies and furthering scientific knowledge on the complex interplay of different variables that affect real-world emissions of on-road vehicles.
本研究采用便携式排放测量系统，调查了车辆属性、驾驶行为和道路坡度对老旧型柴油卡车（1995-2006 年，6.7-35.0 公吨）实际排放颗粒物（PM）、受管制气态污染物和颗粒结合多环芳烃（PAHs）的影响，这些车辆几乎没有尾气排放控制。发动机的额定功率是 PM、颗粒结合 PAHs 和大多数气态污染物的距离特异性排放因子的主要决定因素。然而，发动机排量与总碳氢化合物排放因子和苯并[a]芘等效（BaPeq）的 PAHs 排放因子无关。激进（AG）和正常（NR）驾驶行为通过相对正加速度进行定量定义。PM、CO 和 THC 的排放因子在 AG 和 NR 驾驶模式之间有显著差异（p<0.05）。与 NR 模式相比，AG 驾驶导致 PM、CO、NO 和颗粒结合 PAHs 的排放分别增加 122%、56%、15%和 128%。AG 模式下的 PAHs 的 BaPeq 排放因子是 NR 模式下的 10 倍以上。道路坡度（测试路线上的坡度从-9.3%到 9.0%）对 PM、CO 和 NO 的排放有显著影响。PM、CO 和 NO 的排放因子在>6%坡度的bins 中分别增加了 109%、168%和 160%，在等效负坡度的 bins 中分别减少了 95%、91%和 90%，这表明尽管道路坡度得到了补偿，但在负坡度道路上的排放减少可能无法弥补在等效正坡度道路上的排放增加。本研究的结果将有助于制定空气质量管理策略，并进一步了解影响道路车辆实际排放的不同变量之间的复杂相互作用的科学知识。
