Pyrzanowski Kacper, Zięba Grzegorz, Leszczyńska Joanna, Adamczuk Małgorzata, Dukowska Małgorzata, Przybylski Mirosław
Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection University of Lodz Lodz Poland.
Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems Faculty of Environmental Biology University of Life Sciences in Lublin Lublin Poland.
Ecol Evol. 2021 Mar 13;11(9):4460-4469. doi: 10.1002/ece3.7340. eCollection 2021 May.
This study represents a description of the diet composition of one of the largest European cobitids, the weatherfish . Specimens were collected in a drainage canal, representing a typical habitat for weatherfish, and with gut content analysis conducted with regard to individual total length and maturity stage. Overall, the weatherfish diet mainly consisted of Copepoda, Cladocera, Ostracoda, Oligochaeta, s, Chironomidae and Coleoptera larvae, Gastropoda, and detritus. To evaluate size-related patterns of resource use, fish were assigned to two size classes, defined according to size at first maturation. ANOSIM analyses revealed major ontogenetic shifts in feeding strategy, which were related to size and maturity, with a significant ontogenetic shift in feeding pattern, marked by differences in the proportions of the main taxonomic groups of prey consumed. Copepoda and Cladocera dominated in the diet of small and immature individuals, while large weatherfish primarily fed on detritus. Similarly, cluster analysis of diet classified into these food types showed distinct two groups comprising juvenile and mature fish. The weatherfish is a food opportunist using all available resources, but spatially showed a change in feeding sites. Smaller and sexually immature individuals more often use prey caught in the water column and among macrophytes, while larger (sexually mature) individuals occupying the bottom, much more often use detritus as a food base.
本研究描述了欧洲最大的鳅科鱼类之一——东方泥螈的饮食组成。样本采集于一条排水渠，这里是东方泥螈的典型栖息地，并针对个体全长和成熟阶段进行了肠道内容物分析。总体而言，东方泥螈的饮食主要由桡足类、枝角类、介形类、寡毛类、摇蚊科和鞘翅目幼虫、腹足纲动物以及碎屑组成。为了评估与体型相关的资源利用模式，根据首次成熟时的体型将鱼分为两个体型类别。相似性分析（ANOSIM）揭示了摄食策略的主要个体发育转变，这与体型和成熟度有关，摄食模式存在显著的个体发育转变，其特征是所消耗猎物的主要分类群比例存在差异。桡足类和枝角类在小个体和未成熟个体的饮食中占主导地位，而大型东方泥螈主要以碎屑为食。同样，对分为这些食物类型的饮食进行聚类分析，显示出明显的两组，分别为幼鱼和成鱼。东方泥螈是一种利用所有可用资源的食物机会主义者，但在空间上摄食地点有所变化。较小和性未成熟的个体更常利用在水柱中和大型植物间捕获的猎物，而占据底部的较大（性成熟）个体则更常以碎屑为食物来源。
