Kirmeyer S L, Biggers K
Department of Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988 Jun;54(6):997-1005. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.54.6.997.
In a prospective, observational study, we examined Type A behavior as a predictor of source of work demands, volume of work and nonwork activity, whether work begun was finished, and attention to more than one activity at a time. Police radio dispatchers (N = 72) were observed throughout one work shift, and half of the sample was observed on two additional work shifts. Behavioral categories showed substantial stability between observation occasions. Hierarchical regression revealed that two components of the broader Type A pattern, Hard-Driving Competitiveness and Job Involvement, were better predictors of work demands and behavior than was the global A score. Results support an interactional personality perspective in that Type As, relative to Type Bs, received more externally imposed demands from particular sources such as superiors or peers. However, these same Type As also generated more demand by simultaneously initiating work tasks for themselves and attending to multiple tasks.
在一项前瞻性观察研究中，我们将A型行为作为工作需求来源、工作量和非工作活动的预测指标进行了考察，包括开始的工作是否完成，以及同时关注多项活动的情况。在一个工作班次中对72名警察无线电调度员进行了观察，并且对样本中的一半人员在另外两个工作班次进行了观察。行为类别在不同观察场合之间表现出高度稳定性。分层回归分析表明，更广泛的A型模式中的两个组成部分，即强烈的竞争意识和工作投入程度，比整体A型得分更能预测工作需求和行为。结果支持了一种互动人格观点，即相对于B型人格者，A型人格者会从上级或同事等特定来源收到更多外部施加的需求。然而，同样是这些A型人格者，他们也会通过同时给自己发起工作任务和处理多项任务来产生更多需求。
