Griffin J L
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D.C. 20306-6000.
J Protozool. 1988 May;35(2):300-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1988.tb04348.x.
Specimens of Pelomyxa palustris from five collecting sites had numerous nonmotile flagella. The structures are called flagella because of morphological similarities to flagella and because P. palustris has affinities with amoeboid flagellates. Flagella were photographed on living cells and studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. From 64 to 742 flagella per cell were estimated from scanning electron microscopy of ten cells 204 to 1269 micron in length. The nonmotile flagella arise from basal granules which were, in one strain, surrounded by radiating electron-dense microtubules. This strain also had excess axonemal microtubules. Abundant cytoplasmic microtubules were arranged in several different patterns. In about half of the P. palustris cells in which nuclei were studied, microtubules were either apposed to the nuclear membrane in a parallel alignment (with some also radiating) or radiating from the nuclear membrane (with none parallel). Bacteria associated with nuclei were of three characteristic types: Gram-negative rods, Gram-positive rods, and large rods. All nuclei within a given trophozoite had similar perinuclear features. Recent proposals for separation of Pelomyxa to its own phylum (based on its proposed primitive, unique nature) can not be justified. Pelomyxa is a complex, highly specialized organism adapted to live in a specific fresh-water environment. Mastigamoebid amoeboid flagellates of the genera Mastigamoeba, Mastigella, Mastigina, and possibly Dinamoeba are placed with Pelomyxa within the order Pelobiontida Page, 1976, emend., containing two families. Pelomyxidae Schulze, 1877, and Mastigamoebidae Goldschmidt, 1907.
从五个采集地点获取的沼泽多核变形虫样本有大量不能运动的鞭毛。这些结构被称为鞭毛，是因为它们在形态上与鞭毛相似，并且沼泽多核变形虫与阿米巴鞭毛虫有亲缘关系。在活细胞上拍摄了鞭毛，并通过透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜进行研究。通过对10个长度在204至1269微米的细胞进行扫描电子显微镜观察，估计每个细胞有64至742根鞭毛。不能运动的鞭毛起源于基部颗粒，在一个菌株中，基部颗粒被放射状的电子致密微管包围。这个菌株也有多余的轴丝微管。丰富的细胞质微管以几种不同的模式排列。在大约一半研究了细胞核的沼泽多核变形虫细胞中，微管要么与核膜平行排列（有些也呈放射状），要么从核膜放射状伸出（没有平行的）。与细胞核相关的细菌有三种特征类型：革兰氏阴性杆菌、革兰氏阳性杆菌和大杆菌。给定滋养体中的所有细胞核都有相似的核周特征。最近关于将沼泽多核变形虫分到它自己的门的提议（基于其被认为的原始、独特性质）是不合理的。沼泽多核变形虫是一种复杂、高度特化的生物，适应生活在特定的淡水环境中。Mastigamoeba、Mastigella、Mastigina属以及可能的Dinamoeba属的鞭毛变形虫与沼泽多核变形虫一起被归入1976年Page修订的Pelobiontida目，该目包含两个科。1877年的Pelomyxidae科和1907年的Mastigamoebidae科。
