Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Department of Computer Science, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain.
PLoS One. 2021 May 12;16(5):e0251057. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251057. eCollection 2021.
Laughter and smiling are significant facial expressions used in human to human communication. We present a computational model for the generation of facial expressions associated with laughter and smiling in order to facilitate the synthesis of such facial expressions in virtual characters. In addition, a new method to reproduce these types of laughter is proposed and validated using databases of generic and specific facial smile expressions. In particular, a proprietary database of laugh and smile expressions is also presented. This database lists the different types of classified and generated laughs presented in this work. The generated expressions are validated through a user study with 71 subjects, which concluded that the virtual character expressions built using the presented model are perceptually acceptable in quality and facial expression fidelity. Finally, for generalization purposes, an additional analysis shows that the results are independent of the type of virtual character's appearance.
笑声和微笑是人类之间进行交流时重要的面部表情。我们提出了一个计算模型，用于生成与笑声和微笑相关的面部表情，以便在虚拟角色中合成这些面部表情。此外，我们还提出并验证了一种新的方法，用于再现这些类型的笑声，该方法使用通用和特定的面部微笑表情数据库。特别是，我们还提供了一个专用的笑声和微笑表情数据库。该数据库列出了在这项工作中呈现的不同类型的分类和生成的笑声。通过 71 名受试者的用户研究验证了生成的表情，研究结果表明，使用所提出的模型构建的虚拟角色表情在质量和面部表情逼真度方面是可接受的。最后，为了推广目的，进一步的分析表明，结果与虚拟角色外观的类型无关。
