School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; The Graduate University of Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.
Stem Cell Reports. 2021 May 11;16(5):1078-1092. doi: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.03.011.
Post-implantation embryo development commences with a bilaminar disc in most mammals, including humans. Whereas access to early human embryos is limited and subject to greater ethical scrutiny, studies on non-primate embryos developing as bilaminar discs offer exceptional opportunities for advances in gastrulation, the germline, and the basis for evolutionary divergence applicable to human development. Here, we discuss the advantages of investigations in the pig embryo as an exemplar of development of a bilaminar disc embryo with relevance to early human development. Besides, the pig has the potential for the creation of humanized organs for xenotransplantation. Precise genetic engineering approaches, imaging, and single-cell analysis are cost effective and efficient, enabling research into some outstanding questions on human development and for developing authentic models of early human development with stem cells.
在大多数哺乳动物（包括人类）中，胚胎着床后发育首先出现的是二胚层盘状结构。尽管获取早期人类胚胎的机会有限，且受到更多的伦理审查，但对非灵长类动物二胚层盘状胚胎的研究为原肠胚形成、生殖系和适用于人类发育的进化分歧基础等方面的进展提供了绝佳机会。在这里，我们讨论了以猪胚胎为范例进行研究的优势，因为它代表了与早期人类发育相关的二胚层盘状胚胎的发育。此外，猪具有为异种移植创造人类化器官的潜力。精确的基因工程方法、成像和单细胞分析具有成本效益和高效率，使研究人类发育方面的一些突出问题和使用干细胞开发早期人类发育的真实模型成为可能。
