IL-6 deficiency promotes colitis by recruiting Ly6C monocytes into inflamed colon tissues in a CCL2-CCR2-dependent manner.

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is elevated in inflammatory bowel disease. However, the role of IL-6 deficiency in colitis is not well-defined. Some IL-6 and IL-6 receptor antagonists are associated with severe gastrointestinal immune adverse effects, but the mechanisms of the effects are not clear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of IL-6 in ulcerative colitis in Il6 mice. Results indicated that physiological deficiency of IL-6 promoted the development of colitis. Moreover, IL-6 deficiency significantly increased the mRNA levels of monocytes chemokine Ccl2 and its receptor Ccr2 in colon tissues. Similarly, the percentage of Ly6C monocytes and neutrophils were increased in the colon of Il6 mice. Intestinal crypts more strongly increased the migration of Il6 macrophages than wild-type ones. Moreover, Il6 macrophages promoted the migration of neutrophils. Most importantly, RS102895, an antagonist of CCR2, diminished chemotaxis of macrophages and inhibited colitis in Il6 mice. Collectively, these results indicate that Il6 macrophages migrate to inflamed colon tissues and recruit neutrophils, thereby promoting the effect of Il6 on colitis. This study expands our understanding on the effect of IL-6 deficiency in colitis and the development of gastrointestinal immune adverse effects.