Arming wood carbon with carbon-coated mesoporous nickel-silica nanolayer as monolithic composite catalyst for steam reforming of toluene.

Steam reforming is an effective measure for biomass tar elimination as well as H-rich syngas (H + CO) production. However, the granular or powdery Ni-based catalysts are prone to deactivation, which is caused by inappropriate mass transfer and clogging of catalyst bed. Herein, monolithic wood carbon (WC) with low-tortuosity microchannels is armed with a carbon-coated mesoporous nickel-silica nanocomposite (Ni-SiO@C) layer via an evaporation-induced self-assembly and calcination procedure for toluene (tar model compound) steam reforming. The quality of the Ni-SiO@C layer growing on the surface of WC microchannel is affected by the molar ratios of Si/Ni feed. A uniform thin-layer coverage is obtained on the Ni-15SiO@C/WC (Si/Ni = 15) catalyst, where highly dispersed Ni nanoparticles (average size of 6.6 nm) with appropriate metal-support interaction and remarkable mechanical strength are achieved. The mass transfer, coke resistance, and hydrothermal stability of the Ni-15SiO@C/WC catalyst were significantly improved by the multilevel structure assembled from the WC microchannels and the secondary ordered SiO mesopores. A stable toluene conversion over 97% with an H yield of 135 μmol/min was obtained at 600 °C on the Ni-15SiO@C/WC catalyst. This work opens a new window for facilely constructing high-performance wood carbon-based monolithic tar reforming catalyst.