Ma Wen-Qi, Wang Hong-Yang, Zhang Wen-Jin, Wang Sheng, Wan Xiu-Fu, Kang Chuan-Zhi, Guo Lan-Ping
State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700.
State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2021 Apr;46(8):1920-1926. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210123.102.
The ecological environment is closely related to the growth and quality of authentic medicinal materials. Ginseng is very strict with its natural environment and grows mostly in the damp valleys of forests, and the appearance and chemical composition of ginseng under different growth environments are very different. This article reviews the effects of different ecological factors(including light, temperature, altitude, moisture, soil factors, etc.)on the appearance and chemical composition(mainly ginsenosides) of ginseng. Through systematic review, it is found that soil physical factors are the most important ecological factors that affect the appea-rance of ginseng, and soil bulk density plays a key role; temperature affects ginsenosides in ginseng medicinal materials The dominant ecological factors for the accumulation of chemical ingredents; strong light, high altitude, high soil moisture, low soil nutrient and strong acid soil can influence the accumulation of secondary metabolites in ginseng. Environmental stress can also stimulate the formation and accumulation of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Appropriate low temperature stress, high or low water stress, acid or alkali stress can also promote the accumulation of ginsenosides. This article systematically reviews the ecological factors that affect the appearance and chemical composition of ginseng, and clarifies the dominant ecological factors and limiting factors for the formation of ginseng's appearance and quality, as well as beneficial environmental stress factors, in order to provide a theoretical basis for ginseng ecological planting and ginseng quality improvement.
生态环境与道地药材的生长及品质密切相关。人参对其自然生长环境要求十分严苛，多生长于森林的潮湿山谷中，不同生长环境下人参的外观及化学成分差异很大。本文综述了不同生态因子（包括光照、温度、海拔、水分、土壤因子等）对人参外观及化学成分（主要是人参皂苷）的影响。通过系统综述发现，土壤物理因子是影响人参外观的最重要生态因子，其中土壤容重起关键作用；温度是影响人参药材中人参皂苷积累的主导生态因子；强光、高海拔、高土壤湿度、低土壤养分及强酸性土壤会影响人参次生代谢产物的积累。环境胁迫也能刺激药用植物次生代谢产物的形成与积累，适度的低温胁迫、高低水胁迫、酸碱胁迫也能促进人参皂苷的积累。本文系统综述了影响人参外观及化学成分的生态因子，明确了影响人参外观及品质形成的主导生态因子、限制因子以及有益环境胁迫因子，以期为参生态种植及人参品质提升提供理论依据。
