Section on Intercellular Interaction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
PLoS Pathog. 2021 May 13;17(5):e1009508. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009508. eCollection 2021 May.
Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain components from their mother cells. Bacterial EVs are similar in size to mammalian-derived EVs and are thought to mediate bacteria-host communications by transporting diverse bioactive molecules including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites. Bacterial EVs have been implicated in bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host interactions, promoting health or causing various pathologies. Although the science of bacterial EVs is less developed than that of eukaryotic EVs, the number of studies on bacterial EVs is continuously increasing. This review highlights the current state of knowledge in the rapidly evolving field of bacterial EV science, focusing on their discovery, isolation, biogenesis, and more specifically on their role in microbiota-host communications. Knowledge of these mechanisms may be translated into new therapeutics and diagnostics based on bacterial EVs.
革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌都会释放含有母细胞成分的细胞外囊泡 (EVs)。细菌 EVs 的大小与哺乳动物衍生的 EVs 相似，被认为通过运输包括蛋白质、核酸、脂质和代谢物在内的多种生物活性分子来介导细菌-宿主之间的通讯。细菌 EVs 参与了细菌-细菌和细菌-宿主之间的相互作用，促进了健康或导致了各种病理。尽管细菌 EVs 的科学研究不如真核 EVs 发达，但有关细菌 EVs 的研究数量在不断增加。这篇综述强调了细菌 EV 科学这一快速发展领域的最新知识状态，重点介绍了它们的发现、分离、生物发生，以及更具体地说，它们在微生物组-宿主通讯中的作用。对这些机制的了解可能会转化为基于细菌 EV 的新疗法和诊断方法。
