Secció de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.
J Extracell Vesicles. 2021 Nov;10(13):e12161. doi: 10.1002/jev2.12161.
The intestine is fundamental in controlling human health. Intestinal epithelial and immune cells are continuously exposed to millions of microbes that greatly impact on intestinal epithelial barrier and immune function. This microbial community, known as gut microbiota, is now recognized as an important partner of the human being that actively contribute to essential functions of the intestine but also of distal organs. In the gut ecosystem, bidirectional microbiota-host communication does not involve direct cell contacts. Both microbiota and host-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key players of such interkingdom crosstalk. There is now accumulating body of evidence that bacterial secreted vesicles mediate microbiota functions by transporting and delivering into host cells effector molecules that modulate host signalling pathways and cell processes. Consequently, vesicles released by the gut microbiota may have great influence on health and disease. Here we review current knowledge on microbiota EVs and specifically highlight their role in controlling host metabolism, intestinal barrier integrity and immune training.
肠道在控制人体健康方面起着基础性作用。肠道上皮细胞和免疫细胞不断暴露于数以百万计的微生物中，这些微生物极大地影响着肠道上皮屏障和免疫功能。这个微生物群落被称为肠道菌群，现在被认为是人类的重要伙伴，它积极促进肠道的基本功能，也促进远隔器官的功能。在肠道生态系统中，微生物-宿主的双向通讯不涉及直接的细胞接触。微生物和宿主来源的细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 都是这种种间通讯的关键参与者。现在有越来越多的证据表明，细菌分泌的囊泡通过运输和递送至宿主细胞中调节宿主信号通路和细胞过程的效应分子来介导微生物功能。因此，肠道菌群释放的囊泡可能对健康和疾病有很大影响。在这里，我们综述了关于微生物 EVs 的最新知识，并特别强调了它们在控制宿主代谢、肠道屏障完整性和免疫训练中的作用。
