Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Minemachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan.
Peptides. 2021 Aug;142:170569. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170569. Epub 2021 May 10.
Mental disorders are a severe health problem, and the number of patients is growing worldwide. Increased anxiety and decreased motivation due to excessive mental stress further accelerated the severity of the problem. Enzymatic digestion of food proteins produces bioactive peptides with various physiological functions, some of which exhibit neuromodulatory effects with oral administration. Recently, studies reported that some peptides produced from plant proteins such as soybeans, leaves, and grains exhibit emotional regulatory functions such as strong anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effects comparable to pharmaceuticals. Conventionally, researchers investigated bioactive peptides by fractionation of protein hydrolysates and structure-activity relationship. As a novel methodology for analyzing bioactive peptides, the information obtained by peptidomics simultaneous analysis of the digested fractions of proteins using mass spectrometry has been effectively utilized. Some small-sized peptides such as dipeptides and tripeptides released food-derived proteins show emotional regulating effects. Moreover, some middle-sized peptides produced after intestinal digestion may exhibit the emotional regulating effect via the vagus nerve, and the importance of the gut-brain axis is also focused. As the central mechanism of emotional regulation, it has been found that these plant-derived peptides regulated monoamine neurotransmitter signaling and hippocampal neurogenesis.
精神障碍是一种严重的健康问题，全球患者数量正在增加。由于过度的精神压力导致的焦虑增加和动力下降进一步加速了问题的严重程度。食物蛋白质的酶解产生具有各种生理功能的生物活性肽，其中一些具有口服的神经调节作用。最近的研究报告称，一些从植物蛋白（如大豆、叶子和谷物）中产生的肽具有情绪调节功能，如强烈的抗焦虑样和抗抑郁样作用，可与药物相媲美。传统上，研究人员通过蛋白质水解物的分级分离和构效关系来研究生物活性肽。作为一种分析生物活性肽的新方法，利用质谱同时分析蛋白质消化产物的肽组学已被有效利用。一些从食物来源的蛋白质中释放的小分子量肽，如二肽和三肽，具有情绪调节作用。此外，一些在肠道消化后产生的中分子量肽可能通过迷走神经发挥情绪调节作用，肠道-大脑轴的重要性也受到关注。作为情绪调节的中枢机制，已经发现这些植物来源的肽调节单胺神经递质信号和海马神经发生。
