Li Yanan, Chen Jing, Bu Shuhua, Wang Shuo, Geng Xue, Guan Ge, Zhao Qianwen, Ao Lin, Qu Weidong, Zheng Yuxin, Jin Yuan, Tang Jinglong
School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 May 10;218:112294. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112294.
In China, studies on lead exposure to grownup are scarce compared to children, although relevant disease burdens for adults are much severe than that in developed countries. The present study evaluated blood lead levels (BLLs) in Chinese adults by data mining using Monte Carlo simulation. A total of 115 scientific studies published between January 1980 and March 2021 reflecting 45,514 Chinese adults were included in the study. After a continuous increase in Chinese adult BLLs from 1980-1983 (GM 74.84 μg/L) to 1994-1996 (GM 92.27 μg/L), BLLs began to decline from 2000--2002 (GM 80.32 μg/L) to 2016-2018 (GM 21.57 μg/L). This decline implied that the lead phase-out policy in gasoline was effective over the past two decades. The study indicated that North, South, and Southwest China were still relatively high compared to other regions in the past decade. Statistical analysis showed that BLLs of males (GM 68.45 μg/L) were higher than females (GM 56.51 μg/L), smokers (GM 80.96 μg/L) higher than nonsmokers (GM 58.95 μg/L), and populations over 40 (GM 40.43 μg/L) higher than younger populations (GM 40.37 μg/L). The significantly positive correlation between the concentrations of PM2.5 and topsoil lead and BLLs in Chinese adults indicated that air and soil pollution affect adult BLLs. Taken together, our results showed that strict lead control strategies and regular bio-monitoring are needed to maintain low BLLs in the population.
在中国，与儿童相比，针对成年人铅暴露的研究较少，尽管成年人的相关疾病负担比发达国家更为严重。本研究通过蒙特卡罗模拟数据挖掘评估了中国成年人的血铅水平（BLLs）。该研究纳入了1980年1月至2021年3月期间发表的115项科学研究，这些研究反映了45,514名中国成年人的情况。中国成年人的血铅水平在1980 - 1983年（几何均值74.84μg/L）至1994 - 1996年（几何均值92.27μg/L）期间持续上升，之后从2000 - 2002年（几何均值80.32μg/L）开始下降至2016 - 2018年（几何均值21.57μg/L）。这种下降表明过去二十年来汽油铅淘汰政策是有效的。研究表明，在过去十年中，中国的北方、南方和西南地区与其他地区相比血铅水平仍然相对较高。统计分析表明，男性的血铅水平（几何均值68.45μg/L）高于女性（几何均值56.51μg/L），吸烟者（几何均值80.96μg/L）高于非吸烟者（几何均值58.95μg/L），40岁以上人群（几何均值40.43μg/L）高于年轻人群（几何均值40.37μg/L）。中国成年人中PM2.5和表层土壤铅浓度与血铅水平之间显著的正相关表明，空气和土壤污染会影响成年人的血铅水平。综上所述，我们的结果表明，需要采取严格的铅控制策略和定期的生物监测来维持人群的低血铅水平。
