Department of Microbiology and Ecology / Terrestrial Vertebrates Ecology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, C/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain.
Departamento de Ecología/IMEM Ramon Margalef, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. Correos 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Oct 1;286:117247. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117247. Epub 2021 May 3.
Noise is a pollutant of emergent concern for ecologists and conservation biologists. Recreational noise pollution, especially unpredictable and intermittent sounds, and its effects on wildlife and biodiversity have been poorly studied. Researchers have paid very little attention to the effect of noisy traditional festivals (fireworks and powder-guns). This study aimed to explore the effect of these recreational activities on the juvenile productivity of an urban avian bioindicator: the house sparrow. We studied five pairs of localities in the Valencia Region (E Spain) with noisy traditional festivals. Each pair was composed of one locality with festivals during the breeding season and the closest similar locality, but with festivals outside the reproductive period (controls). Both locality types were sampled twice each spring (May-June of 2019 and 2020). Sampling dates were selected as 15 and 30 days after noisy festivals ended, while the control localities were sampled 1 day after the census of their correspondent town pair with noisy breeding season festivals. The ratio of the juveniles/adults detected during surveys in the influence area of festivals (100-m buffer around the parades route) was used as a house sparrow breeding success proxy. Data were analysed using GLMM: year (2019/2020), festivals season (breeding/non-breeding), survey (15/30 days), and their interactions were included as fixed factors. Pair of localities and locality nested within the pair were random factors. In 2019, juvenile productivity was lower in the towns with noisy traditional festivals during the breeding season than in the control towns. The 2020 festivals were cancelled due to COVID-19. In spring 2020, house sparrow juvenile productivity was the same in both town groups. Lockdown did not increase this species' juvenile productivity in the control localities in 2020 versus 2019.
噪音是生态学家和保护生物学家日益关注的污染物。娱乐噪声污染，尤其是不可预测和间歇性的声音，及其对野生动物和生物多样性的影响，尚未得到充分研究。研究人员很少关注嘈杂的传统节日（烟花和火药枪）的影响。本研究旨在探讨这些娱乐活动对城市鸟类生物指标——家麻雀幼鸟生产力的影响。我们研究了西班牙瓦伦西亚地区（E 西班牙）的五个具有嘈杂传统节日的地点对。每对由一个在繁殖季节有节日的地点和最接近的类似地点组成，但节日不在繁殖期（对照）。这两种类型的地点在每个春季都进行了两次采样（2019 年和 2020 年的 5 月至 6 月）。采样日期选择在节日结束后 15 天和 30 天，而对照地点则在与其有嘈杂繁殖季节节日的城镇对进行普查后的第二天进行采样。在节日影响区（游行路线周围 100 米缓冲区）进行调查期间检测到的幼鸟/成鸟比例被用作家麻雀繁殖成功率的代表。使用 GLMM 分析数据：年份（2019/2020）、节日季节（繁殖/非繁殖）、调查（15/30 天），并将其交互作用作为固定因素。地点对和嵌套在地点对内的地点是随机因素。2019 年，在繁殖季节有嘈杂传统节日的城镇中，幼鸟的生产力低于对照城镇。由于 COVID-19，2020 年的节日被取消。2020 年春季，两个城镇组的家麻雀幼鸟的生产力相同。与 2019 年相比，2020 年封锁并未增加对照地点中该物种的幼鸟生产力。
