Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2021 Dec;41(8):1257-1278. doi: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1921690. Epub 2021 May 13.
Owing to their numerous nutritional and bioactive functions, phospholipids (PLs), which are major components of biological membranes in all living organisms, have been widely applied as nutraceuticals, food supplements, and cosmetic ingredients. To date, PLs are extracted solely from soybean or egg yolk, despite the diverse market demands and high cost, owing to a tedious and inefficient manufacturing process. A microbial-based manufacturing process, specifically phospholipase D (PLD)-based biocatalysis and biotransformation process for PLs, has the potential to address several challenges associated with the soybean- or egg yolk-based supply chain. However, poor enzyme properties and inefficient microbial expression systems for PLD limit their wide industrial dissemination. Therefore, sourcing new enzyme variants with improved properties and developing advanced PLD expression systems are important. In the present review, we systematically summarize recent achievements and trends in the discovery, their structural properties, catalytic mechanisms, expression strategies for enhancing PLD production, and its multiple applications in the context of PLs. This review is expected to assist researchers to understand current advances in this field and provide insights for further molecular engineering efforts toward PLD-mediated bioprocessing.
由于磷脂（PLs）具有多种营养和生物活性功能，是所有生物体生物膜的主要组成部分，因此已被广泛用作营养保健品、食品补充剂和化妆品成分。迄今为止，尽管市场需求多样化且成本高昂，但由于制造工艺繁琐且效率低下，PLs 仅从大豆或蛋黄中提取。基于微生物的制造工艺，特别是基于磷脂酶 D（PLD）的生物催化和生物转化工艺，有可能解决与大豆或蛋黄供应有关的一些挑战。然而，PLD 的酶性能差和微生物表达系统效率低限制了它们在工业上的广泛传播。因此，寻找具有改进特性的新型酶变体和开发先进的 PLD 表达系统非常重要。在本综述中，我们系统地总结了 PLD 的发现、结构特性、催化机制、表达策略的最新进展，以及其在 PL 方面的多种应用。预计这篇综述将有助于研究人员了解该领域的最新进展，并为进一步的分子工程努力提供见解，以实现 PLD 介导的生物加工。
