Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1439955991, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Community Oral Health, Research Centre for Caries Prevention, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Oral Health. 2021 May 13;21(1):259. doi: 10.1186/s12903-021-01612-1.
There are limited information on caries incidence, especially from developing countries, the aim of the present study was to explore caries incidence in the first permanent molar teeth according to the CAST index in 7- to 8-year-old-children and its socio-demographic, oral health related and diet determinants.
A multi-stage cluster random sample of 7-8 years old children was applied in Tehran, Iran. The oral examination using the CAST index and the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) performed by trained dentists in 2017 and 2019 calibrated with an expert (Kappa of 0.89 and 0.76, respectively). A 3-day food record was used to record sugary snacks consumption. Oral health related knowledge of the parents was assessed using a valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 23.0 and descriptive and analytical statistics including the negative binomial regression was applied.
Two hundred and ninety schoolchildren aged 7-8 years old were followed up for two years. All of them had complete data obtained via oral examination and questionnaires. The annual caries incidence rate was 0.16 and 53% (95% CI 47.4-58.9) of the children developed at least one new dental caries (enamel or dentine) during two years. Multi-variate analysis revealed that the children of mothers with high school education or diploma (IRR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.02-2.12; p = 0.04) and those with low socio-economic status (IRR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.27-2.73; p < 0.001) were more likely to develop caries. There was no significant association between gender, father's educational level, child birth order, housing area per person, OHI-S score, oral health knowledge of parents, and sugary snacks consumption per day and caries increment at an individual level.
This 2-year longitudinal study on 7- to 8-year-old children showed that caries incidence according to the CAST index was associated with socio-economic status and mother education but not associated with having 2 or more sugary snack per day and oral hygiene status.
有关龋齿发病率的信息有限，尤其是来自发展中国家的信息。本研究旨在根据 CAST 指数探讨 7-8 岁儿童第一恒磨牙的龋齿发病率及其社会人口学、口腔健康相关和饮食决定因素。
在伊朗德黑兰采用多阶段聚类随机抽样方法，对 7-8 岁儿童进行了研究。2017 年和 2019 年，由经过培训的牙医使用 CAST 指数和简化口腔卫生指数（OHI-S）进行口腔检查，并由专家进行校准（Kappa 值分别为 0.89 和 0.76）。使用为期 3 天的食物记录来记录含糖零食的摄入量。使用经过验证和可靠的自填式问卷评估父母的口腔健康相关知识。使用 SPSS 软件版本 23.0 对数据进行分析，采用描述性和分析性统计，包括负二项回归。
对 290 名 7-8 岁的学龄儿童进行了为期两年的随访。所有儿童均通过口腔检查和问卷调查获得了完整的数据。每年的龋齿发病率为 0.16，53%（95%CI 47.4-58.9）的儿童在两年内至少出现了一颗新的龋齿（釉质或牙本质）。多变量分析显示，母亲受过高中或大专教育（IRR=1.47，95%CI 1.02-2.12；p=0.04）和社会经济地位较低（IRR=1.86，95%CI 1.27-2.73；p<0.001）的儿童更容易发生龋齿。性别、父亲的教育水平、儿童出生顺序、人均住房面积、OHI-S 评分、父母口腔健康知识以及每天含糖零食的摄入量与个体水平的龋齿增量之间没有显著关联。
本项针对 7-8 岁儿童的 2 年纵向研究表明，根据 CAST 指数评估的龋齿发病率与社会经济地位和母亲教育有关，但与每天食用 2 份或更多含糖零食和口腔卫生状况无关。
