Zhou Chen, Yu Dongmei, Ju Lahong, Zhao Liyun, Li Shujuan, Guo Qiya, Piao Wei, Yu Wentao
National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2021 Mar;50(2):230-236. doi: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2021.02.011.
To analyze and describe the status and characteristics of undernutrition among left-behind children under 6 years old in rural China in 2013.
Data was from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance among 0-5 Years Old Children and Lactating Women in 2013. Stratified multistage cluster sampling method was used, and 4576 participants under 6 years old from 55 sites of 30 provinces, autonomous region and municipalities were involved. Definition of undernutrition were according to the WHO 2006 growth standard in children less than 5 years old and the WHO 2007 growth reference in children of 5 years old. Results were computed by post stratification weight based on national census from the National Bureau of Statistics in 2010.
The prevalence of stunting was 10. 6% among left-behind children under 6 years old in rural China in 2013. It was 11. 6% in boys and 9. 4% in girls. The rate of general rural area and poor rural area were 7. 1% and 16. 6%. The prevalence of stunting showed a significant difference in sex(P=0. 022), general rural and poor rural(P=0. 006), three regions(P=0. 003), parental type of outing(P=0. 005), mother's education(P<0. 001), annual per capita household income(P<0. 001). The prevalence of underweight was 3. 2% among left-behind children under 6 years old in rural China in 2013. It was 3. 4% in boys and 2. 9% in girls. The rate of general rural area and poor rural area were 1. 6% and 2. 0%. The prevalence of stunting showed a significant difference in general rural and poor rural(P<0. 001), three regions(P<0. 001), annual per capita household income(P=0. 0144), mother's education(P<0. 001). The prevalence of wasting was 2. 3% among left-behind children under 6 years old in rural China in 2013. It was 2. 3% in boys and 2. 2% in girls. The rate of general rural area and poor rural area were 1. 5%, 3. 5%. The prevalence of stunting of general rural showed a significant difference in parental type of outing(P=0. 033), the prevalence of stunting of poor rural showed a significant difference in mother's education(P<0. 001), annual per capita household income(P=0. 020).
The undernutrition rate among left-behind children under the age of 6 in rural China should be paid attention, especially in the higher subgroups of poor rural areas, western regions, low-income families, mothers away from home and mothers with less than junior middle school education.
分析和描述2013年中国农村6岁以下留守儿童的营养不足状况及特点。
数据来源于2013年中国0-5岁儿童与哺乳期妇女营养与健康监测。采用分层多阶段整群抽样方法，涉及30个省、自治区、直辖市55个监测点的4576名6岁以下儿童。5岁以下儿童营养不足的定义依据世界卫生组织2006年生长标准，5岁儿童依据世界卫生组织2007年生长参考标准。结果根据2010年国家统计局全国人口普查的事后分层权重计算得出。
2013年中国农村6岁以下留守儿童的发育迟缓患病率为10.6%。男孩为11.6%，女孩为9.4%。一般农村地区和贫困农村地区的患病率分别为7.1%和16.6%。发育迟缓患病率在性别（P=0.022）、一般农村与贫困农村（P=0.006）、三个地区（P=0.003）、父母外出类型（P=0.005）、母亲教育程度（P<0.001）、家庭年人均收入（P<0.001）方面存在显著差异。2013年中国农村6岁以下留守儿童的体重不足患病率为3.2%。男孩为3.4%，女孩为2.9%。一般农村地区和贫困农村地区的患病率分别为1.6%和2.0%。发育迟缓患病率在一般农村与贫困农村（P<0.001）、三个地区（P<0.001）、家庭年人均收入（P=0.0144）、母亲教育程度（P<0.001）方面存在显著差异。2013年中国农村6岁以下留守儿童的消瘦患病率为2.3%。男孩为2.3%，女孩为2.2%。一般农村地区和贫困农村地区的患病率分别为1.5%、3.5%。一般农村地区发育迟缓患病率在父母外出类型方面存在显著差异（P=0.033），贫困农村地区发育迟缓患病率在母亲教育程度（P<0.001）、家庭年人均收入（P=0.020）方面存在显著差异。
中国农村6岁以下留守儿童的营养不足率应受到关注，尤其是贫困农村地区、西部地区、低收入家庭、母亲外出以及初中以下文化程度母亲等较高比例的亚组人群。
