Zhang Jing, Shi Junxin, Himes John H, Du Yukai, Yang Senbei, Shi Shuhua, Zhang Jianduan
Department of Woman and Child's Care and Adolescence Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(4):584-92.
To assess the nutritional status among rural children under five years in China relative to WHO Child Growth Standards 2006, and to explore risk factors for undernutrition.
Cross-sectional study of rural areas in 10 provinces of China. A total of 84,009 children under five recruited through multi-level sampling.
A total of 17.92% of children have at least one form of undernutrition. The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting, were 14.59%, 7.19% and 3.07%, respectively. The corresponding mean z-score in height-for-age, weight-for-age, and weight-for-height were -0.732, -0.410 and -0.001. An upward trend with age in stunting and underweight was observed, and higher risks noticed among older children in contrast with children under 6 months in terms of stunning and underweight. The inter-provincial variation of undernutrition remains very large. Low birth weight, multi parity, preterm birth, multiple birth, maternal illiteracy, low provincial GDP, and low household income are identified as significant factors associated with stunting. Parity shows no corresponding significant relationship with underweight, and wasting was not found to be associated with either preterm or multiple births.
The nutritional status among children under five in rural areas of China, although greatly improved in the past decades, still lags behind the WHO Child Growth Standards. Stunting and underweight occur mostly before two years of age. Intervention strategies and programs should be developed to target the preventable risk factors.
根据世界卫生组织《2006年儿童生长标准》评估中国农村5岁以下儿童的营养状况，并探讨营养不良的风险因素。
对中国10个省份农村地区进行的横断面研究。通过多级抽样共招募了84,009名5岁以下儿童。
共有17.92%的儿童至少有一种形式的营养不良。发育迟缓、体重不足和消瘦的患病率分别为14.59%、7.19%和3.07%。年龄别身高、年龄别体重和身高别体重的相应平均z评分分别为-0.732、-0.410和-0.001。观察到发育迟缓和体重不足随年龄呈上升趋势，在发育迟缓和体重不足方面，与6个月以下儿童相比，年龄较大的儿童风险更高。营养不良的省际差异仍然很大。低出生体重、多胎、早产、多胞胎、母亲文盲、省级GDP低和家庭收入低被确定为与发育迟缓相关的重要因素。胎次与体重不足无相应的显著关系，未发现消瘦与早产或多胞胎有关。
中国农村5岁以下儿童的营养状况虽然在过去几十年中有了很大改善，但仍落后于世界卫生组织《儿童生长标准》。发育迟缓和体重不足大多发生在两岁之前。应制定干预策略和方案，针对可预防的风险因素。
