Bondar Andrei, Popa Amorin Remus, Papanas Nikolaos, Popoviciu Mihaela, Vesa Cosmin Mihai, Sabau Monica, Daina Cristian, Stoica Roxana Adriana, Katsiki Niki, Stoian Anca Pantea
Department of Psychiatry, Clinical County Emergency Hospital of Oradea, 410169 Oradea, Romania.
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania.
Exp Ther Med. 2021 Jul;22(1):690. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10122. Epub 2021 Apr 29.
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) with severe consequences as it progresses and influences all human body systems. This review discusses the risk factors for DN, the main characteristics of the clinical forms of DN, the screening methods and the current therapeutic options. Distal symmetric DN is the primary clinical form, and DM patients should be screened for this complication. The most important treatment of DN remains good glucose control, generally defined as HbA1c ≤7%. Symptomatic treatment improves life quality in diabetic patients. Pharmacological agents such as alpha (α)-lipoic acid and benfotiamine have been validated in several studies since they act on specific pathways such as increased oxidative stress (α-lipoic acid exerts antioxidant effects) and the excessive production of advanced glycosylation products (benfotiamine may inhibit their production via the normalization of glucose). Timely diagnosis of DN is significant to avoid several complications, including lower limb amputations and cardiac arrhythmias.
糖尿病性神经病变（DN）是糖尿病（DM）常见的并发症，随着病情进展会产生严重后果，并影响人体所有系统。本综述讨论了DN的危险因素、DN临床类型的主要特征、筛查方法以及当前的治疗选择。远端对称性DN是主要的临床类型，糖尿病患者应针对这种并发症进行筛查。DN最重要的治疗方法仍然是良好的血糖控制，一般定义为糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）≤7%。对症治疗可改善糖尿病患者的生活质量。α-硫辛酸和苯磷硫胺等药物已在多项研究中得到验证，因为它们作用于特定途径，如增加氧化应激（α-硫辛酸发挥抗氧化作用）和晚期糖基化终末产物的过度产生（苯磷硫胺可能通过使血糖正常化来抑制其产生）。DN的及时诊断对于避免包括下肢截肢和心律失常在内的多种并发症具有重要意义。
